By Jack Kimball
ASMARA (Reuters) - A conference of Somali opposition figures criticised the United States on Saturday for allowing regional power Ethiopia to keep troops in their homeland.
Critics of the Somali interim government and its Ethiopian military allies say Washington's tacit blessing enabled Prime Minister Meles Zenawi to move thousands of soldiers into Somalia last year.
They helped drive an Islamist sharia courts movement out of Mogadishu at the New Year, and have been protecting the Somali government against insurgents since then. "(Delegates) expressed their deep concern about the international community's, especially the United States', continuing silence and indifference to the Ethiopian occupation," said a spokesman for the Somali opposition conference in Eritrea.
"There's been an escalation of violence in Mogadishu," Zakariya Mahamud Abdi added in a briefing for reporters in Asmara, predicting "all-out war" in Somalia could come soon.
Gun-fights and explosions rock Somalia's coastal capital near-daily, with civilians bearing the brunt of casualties. Ethiopia is Washington's key counter-terrorism ally in the region, and analysts and security sources say U.S. military intelligence was crucial to its successful push against the Islamists at the end of 2006. Meles says he will withdraw his troops when a small African Union (AU) peacekeeping force gets near to its intended number of 8,000.
The Asmara talks have brought together a diverse mix of Somali opposition leaders, from senior Islamists of the courts' movement, to dissident parliamentarians and a former deputy prime minister.
In a meeting expected to last another week, they are seeking to form an umbrella organisation to press for the withdrawal of Ethiopian troops. Spokesman Abdi said Western allegations that some opposing Somalia's government have terrorism links were baseless.
"There are no terrorists in Somalia. But wrong policies by Western powers, especially the United States, could create havoc and might cause uncertain problems and conflict in the region," Abdi said."The congress appealed to the international community to correct this course in Somalia," he said.
Somalia has had no stable leadership since the 1991 ouster of military dictator Mohamed Siad Barre, and has had 14 attempts at restoring central rule since then
Saturday, September 08, 2007
Somali opposition conference criticises US - Reuters
Ka Bago Taariikhda Awdal - Suleiman Elmi - Norway
Qarnigii 9aad ilaa kii 11aad MD, kooxo Xabashi ah ayaa ka soodhaqaaqayay Tigray oo soo gaarayay degmooyinka bariga Agaw ee Lastaiyo Waj, iyo Angot oo ahayd bartamaha galbeed ee dhulka Cafarta. Isla Qarnigii - 11aad ilaa bilowga qarnigii 12aad, kooxdaasi waxay soo gaartay dhulkawabiga Bashiilo oo ah WG ee Wallo1. Dhulkan oo markaa laga bilaabonoqday Beyt Amxaara, wuxuu qayb ka ahaa Agaw, wuxuuse ku dhawaameelaha ay iskaga yimaadaan dhulalka Agaw, Soomaali iyo Cafar.
Shantiiqarni ee ku xigay, Beyt Amxaara waxay ahayd saldhigga laga soo maamulomid ka mid ah dagaalladii ugu dheeraa adduunka oo dhex marayay Xabashaoo ay Amxaara hogaaminayso iyo Soomaali oo ay hogaaninayeensaldanadihii kala danbeeyay ee Shawa, Awfaat iyo Awdal.Koox Agaw ah oo nasaarowday ayaa abbaaraha 1137 la wareegtay xukunkaXabashida ilaa Amxaaradu ka qaadday 1275kii. Markaasoo dagaalka dhabtaahi ka dhex bilowday Soomaali iyo Xabashi. Dagaalku wuxuu ku saabsanaadal iyo diin, markaa haybta labada dhinac waxay kala ahayd muslim iyonasaaro.
SH AWA-AWFAAT-AWDAL:
Halgan iyo Dhiigbax:Dagaalkii ugu horreeyay oo dhexmara Soomaali iyo Xabashi, inta laogsoonyahay, wuxuu dhacay 1128 MD. Qabiilka Warjeex oo la filayo inuuwaqooyi ugu xigay qabaa'ilka Soomaalida ahaa ee aagaas degenaa, ayaaAmxaaradu soo weerartay, Sida lagu xusay taarikhda saldanaddii Shawa.Warjeex oo degenaa aagga Manze ee W/Shawa, waxay jabiyeen duullaankiiAmxaarada2. Sida qoraallo danbe caddeeyeen Warjeex waqooyiga waxaa kuweheliyay labada qabiil ee Gabal iyo Wargur/Wargaar, oo aan u haysannoin ayaguna soomaali ahaayeen.Degmooyinkooda waxaa ka mid ahaa: Maracaddey, Garbacaddo, Caluula,Agabo, Seega, Guraale, Dubaar, Maxfuud, Cabdille, Cabdi rasuul iwm.Saldanadda Shawa oo ay hogaaminayeen reer makhzuum, waxaa la asaasay896. Xarunteedu waxay ahayd Walaalaha/Walalah oo 50 mayl WB ka xigtayAddis Ababada maanta3.
Dagaal sokeeye ayaa 1234 ka dhex bilooday xukumayaashii saldanadda.Cumar Wali-asmac oo asagu Jabarti ahaa, ayaa 1277 soo fara galiyaykhilaafkaas. Xaruntiisu waxay ahayd Awfaat, oo sida Ibn Saciid(1214-74) sheegay, ahayd magaalo horumarsan, kuna aaddanayd aaggamaanta ay dhacaan magaalooyinka Hawaash iyo Haadaamo (Nazareth). Cumaroo ahaa nin awood badan wuxuu xukunka qabtay qarniga bilowgiisa. Islawaqtigaas ayaa Ibn Saciid aagaas ku meeleeyay dadka Karla oo looqaatay Xarla Koombe4.jabarti wuxuu ahaa magaca waqtigaas loogu yeeri jiray jilibkaWali-asmac iyo Daaroodka, oo sheekooyinka la xiriira asalkooduna iskumid yihiin; marmarka qaarkoodna mandiqadda laftigeeda ayaa loogu yeerijiray, sida rag Al-Maqriizi ka mid yaha qoreen5. Mar danbe muslimiintaXabashiyoobay, oo ayagu ka kooban kooxo aan isku asal ahayn, ayaamagacaas u qaatay ka ahaan hayb islaami ah.
Fara galintaas ka bacdi Dul-Marax oo xukunka Shawa hayay, qabayna ina Cumar Waali asmac, ayaa la sheegay inuu xiriir la yeeshay boqorkaXabasha. Waxaa markaa lagu eedeeyay khayaana waddan. Mar danbe ayaalagu qabtay goob dagaal, waana la dilay. Aakhirkii Cumar iyo wiilkiisa Cali waxay 1285 ka takhalluseen oo laayeen amiirradii reer Makhzuum ee xukunka isku haystay. Dhammaadkii qarniga waxaa muuqata Xabashidu inayku soo fidday aagga wabiga Walaqa oo ahaa xadka WG ee soomaalidiiwaqtigaas. Sheekh abuu Cabdalla Moxammed oo hogaaminayay beelahabariga Niilka buluuga ah, WG ee Shawa, ayaa 1299 isku dayay inuuhogaamiyo jihaad lagaga hortago fiditaanka Amxaara.
Ha yeeshee sida uusheegay Mufaddal, waxaa qorshahaas kala daadiyay rag ka mid ahciidanka sheekha oo xiriir la yeeshay boqorka Amxaara7.Xilligii suldaan Xaqqud-Diin, oo ahaa durriyaddii Cumar, 1320 aadkii,Awfaat iyo Amxaara waxaa ka dhex qarxay dagaallo culus. Xilligiisuldaan Sabrud-Diin oo walaalkii ahaa,1332, waxaa dhacay dagaalkii uguweynaa. Sabrud-Diin wuxuu doonayay dagaal kama danbeys ah inuu kuqaado nasaarada (Xabashi). Dagaalkaas oo socday 8 bilood aakhirkiiwaxaa lagu jabiyay muslimiinta ( Soomaali). Nasaarada oo uuhogaaminayay Camda Siyoon, waxay qabsadeen W/Shawa. C/Siyoon,Jamaalud-Diin ayuu ka caawiyay la wareegidda jagadii walaalki, si uuula heshiiyo. J/Diin markii hore taa waa aqbalay. Laakiin aakhirkiiwaa ku gacma sayray ujeedada C/Siyoon.
Nasrud-Diin oo walaalkood ahaaayuu haddana caleema saartay. Laakiin dadku waxay aaminsanaayeenmadaxtinnimada Cali Sabrud-Diin8.Alcumari 1340aadkii wuxuu tiriyay saldanadaha la dagaallamayayXabashida: Awfaat oo ay degmooyikeeda ka mid ahaayeen Saylac iyoAwfaat, ayaa ugu weyneyd; Dawaro ayaa KG ka xigtay; Baali ayaa Koofurka sii xigtay; Daara, Sharkha iyo Arabiini waxay ahaayeen saldanadoyaryar oo ah G/ Dawaro ama K /Shawa; Hadiya oo ahayd G/Baali ayaagalbeed ugu xigtay. Saldanadahaani inkastoo ay qaybsanaayeen, haddanaAwfaat/Awdal ayaa lahaa hogaaminta guud9. (Qoraallada taariikhiga ahiwaxay tusayaan in Soomaaliyadii waqtigaas - Barbariya - islaamku kufaafay 750-1200 kii)10.
Dadka iyo degmooyinka faraha badan oo dagaalkaas ka qaybgalay la yaqaan waxaa ka mid ahaa: Xarla, Geri, Weyteen, Awdal, Saylac, Harar, Adari, Nogob, Dawaro iwm. Waxaa kaloo ka mid ahaa kuwabadan oo aan maanta la aqoon, laakiin ay caddahay inay soomaaliahaayeen, sida: Moora, Gabal, Warjeex, Wargur, Hagar, Hargaya, Gaatur, Shawa, Gadaya-geri/ guray, iwm. Sida ay muujinayaan 10naan caddaymoodoo ah qoraalladii xilligaas, qabiilooyinkani waxay ahaayeen Soomaali(facyaashii Tiirri-Dir-Jabarti) , inkastoo wax u qorayaasha GeeskaAfrika ay arrintaas, kas ama kamma u agmareen.Soddonkii sano ee ku xigay muslimiintu waxay ku jireen xaalad murugoleh oo kala qaybsanaan ah, sida uu ka cabbiray Al-Cumari, oo ayQaahira ugu warrameen culamo reer Saylac ahi. Xabashidu waxay kuguulaysatay inay xiriir la samaysato rag doonayay inay xukunkaboobaan. Waxayna qabsadeen Shawa, G/Baali iyo Hadiya. Amiirradu waxayu qaybsameen qaar la macaamilaya Xabashida iyo qaar doonaya in dagaallagaga soo dhacsado dhulka ay qabsatay.
Qof kasta oo doonaya inuuxukunka boobo wuxuu u tagi jiray boqorka Amxaarada. Taasi dagaalsokeeye ayay Awfaat u horseedday bilowgii 1360aadkii. Xilliganwaddaniyiinta waxaa hogaanka u qabtay Xaqqud-Diin iyo Sacduddiin.Labadaa wiil waxaa lagu colaadin jiray aabahood Axmed Cali Sabruddiinoo xiriir dhow la lahaa boqorka Xabashida. Xaqquddiin II ayaa xukunkakala wareegay awoowgii Cali iyo adeerkii Malasfax 1363 kii. Xaruntiisawuxuu u raray Wagal oo u muuqata B/Awfaat. Awfaat oo noqotay soohdin,dib uma samaya qaadin. Intaanu ku shahiidin goob dagaal 1373,Xaqquddiin, oo ahaa geesi laga heybeysto, wuxuu Xabasha ku qaaday inka badan 20 duullaan.Soddonkii sano ee ku xigay xukunka waxaa hayay Sacduddiin. Wuxuunaxabashida ku qaaday dagaaallo aan kala joogsi lahayn oo lagadareensanaa Yurub iyo dunida islaamka. Abaanduulayaashiisa waxaa kamid ahaa Asad, Moxamed12 iyo imaam Cali Saciid oo ka mid ahaaawoowayaashii Gadabuursi13.
Aakhirkii nasaaradu si weyn ayay isu sooabaabuleen. Si weynna waxay 1403 u jabiyeen muslimiinta. Sacduddiinwaxay dileen asagoo qoslaya oo ashahaadanaya. Maqriizi wuxuu xusay qofama kuwo khaa'in ahi inay xabashida tuseen suldaanka.Afar ka mid ah wiilashiisa, Sabruddiin II, Mansuur, Jamaaluddiin II,iyo Axmed-Badlay, ayaa xukunka iska baddalay. Kulligood dagaallo aanhoray loo arag ayay ku qaadeen nasaarada. Mararka qaarkood waxaygaarayeen Beyt Amxaara. Nagaash Yisxaaq, wuxuu marma soo rogaalcelinayay weerarro arxan darra ah. Sannadahaas ayay ahaayeen marka uusheeay inuu jabiyay Soomaali14. Taasi waxay u muuqataa 1425, markaasoouu suldaan Mansuur iyo walaalkii Moxammed ku qabsaday goob dagaal.Yisxaaq laftigiisa 5 sano ka bacdi ayaa la dilay.
Wuxuu ugu danbeeyay3 nagaash oo lagu dilay goob dagaal xilligii reer S/Diin. J/diin, ooahaa nin cadaaladda ku dheer, maxaabiistii uu xabasha ka qabtayna aybuuxiyeen dalalka islaamka, ilma adeertii ayaa ka maseyray oo dilay1432. Badlay oo baddalay, asagoo olole ugu jira inuu burburiyoXabasha, ayaa 1445 lagu dilay goobtii Cayn faras ee G/Dawaro15.Xilligii Khayruddiin Badlay, 1445-72; Shamsuddiin, 1472-88, iyoMoxammed Abuu Bakar,1488-1518, dagaalku waa sii socday, inkastoo looheysto inay ka qaboobaayeen raggii ayaga ka horeeyay. Laakiin 1471hogaaminta ciidammada waxaa la wareegay abaanduulayaal madax bannaanoo isbaddal doon ah. Waxaa ugu magac dheeraa garaad Maxfuud(1491-1517), oo 26 sano Xabasha ku qaadayay dagaallo aan hora looarag. Xilligiisii labo nagaash ayaa lagu dilay goob dagaal. Garaadkanawaxaa lagu dilay July 1517 goobtii Dalmiida ee G/Dawaro16.
ISBADDAL IYO HOGAAMIN CUSUB:
Geeridii Maxfuud waxaa ka dhashay dagaal sokeeye. Suldaan Moxammed oolagu eedeeyay inuu ka soo cararay goobtii lagu dilay abaanduulihiisa,1 sano ka bacdi ayaa la dilay. Labadii sano ee ku xigay 5 nin ayaaiska takhallusay. Intaan la dilin 1525, garaad Abuun oo ka tirsanaaisbaddal doonka ayaa dadka cadaalad ku xukumayay. Shacabka badankiisuwuxuu taageersanaa xukunkii taqliidiga ahaa ee reer Wali Asmac, oohadda gaabis noqday. Axmed Ibraahim Al-ghaazi oo 19 jir ah ayaa lawareegay hogaaminta Isbaddal doonka. Abuu Bakar Moxammed oo dib loogudhiibay xukunkii qoyskooda ayuu la galay dagaal sokeeye kanatakhallusay 1526 kii.
Inkastoo marar badan muslimiintu ku guulaysanayeen halgankooda,haddana ciidan joogta ah ma dhigi jirin meelaha ay xoreeyaan. Taasiwaxay wiiqday dhammaystirka guushooda. Ciidan joogta ah ayay nasaaradudhigi jireen, inkastoo aanay magaalooyin samayn jirin. Xaruntooduwaxay ahayd saldhig wareegaysta oo loo raro hadba halka dagaal kasocdo. Muslimiinta waxaa lagu soo weerarayay xarumo joogta ah oo reermagaal ama beeralay ah. Ciidanka xoola dhaqatada ka imaanayayna,goobta ka bacdi way kala tagi jireen. Arrimahaan ayaa hortaagnaa inSoomaalidu si joogta ah u jabiyaan nasaarada ama soo dhacsadaandhulkoodii lumay.Axmed oo 1526 kiiba bilaabay ka hortagga xabashidu, wuxuu rabay inuubaddalo qaabkaas. Hal is difaac iyo shan duullaan oo guul leh kabacdi, 1529 ciidamada imaamku waxay dhabarka ka jabiyeen quwaddiXabasha, goobtii Shimbira kore ee gobalka Fatagaar, K/Addis Ababadamaanta. Ciidammada imaamka oo ahaa 13000 oo nin, waxaa laga dilay 5000oo nin.
Kuwa nasaaradu 10 jeer ayay ka badnaayeen. Goobtan taariikhigaah waxaa ka qayb galay: Xarla, Geri, Harti, Jiraan (afarta ilmakoombe), Yabarre, Marreexaan, Habarmagade, Bursuub, Mazarre[Madigaan?]; Xarla waxaa hogaaminayay garaadkooda Moxammed, intakalana waxaa hogaaminayay Cusmaan Mataan Khaalid oo ahaa garaadkaGeri. Waxaa kaloo ka mid ahaa: Malasay oo ay hogaaminayeen: AbsameNuur, garaad Kaamil, garaad Shamcuun iyo Cabdullaahi Suuxe; Shawa iyoHargaya oo ay hogaaminayeen: garaad Daawuud, Sheekh Samaale, iyogaraad Cali Fangale; iyo Gadaya-Geri/ Guray oo ay hogaaminayeen:Cusmaan Sheekh iyo Axmed Shihaabuddiin. Sannadkii ku xigay dagaalkawaxaa ku soo biiray: Gurgure, Bartire, Hawiye iyo Gaatur.
Ujeedada imaamku waxay ahayd soo celinta goballadii la qabsaday eeShawa, Awfaat, Dawaro, Baali Hadiya iyo Fatagaar, iyo guud ahaanburburinta Xabasha. 7 duullaan iyo 3 olole oo waaweyn ka bacdi, 1535ayuu dhammaystiray ujeedadaas. Xadka dawladdisu wuxuu gaaraymuslimiinta Beja ee xeebta Eritreeya. Dagaal bilowday 1541, ayaamadafiicda Boortaqiisku ku jabisay ciidankii imaamka Feb. 1543 goobtiiWoyna Dega ee harada Taana, asagana lagu dilay.Sida la isku dayay inaan u fahamno Harar ma ahayn xadka Soomaaliya eewaxay ahayd xuddunta Soomaaliyadii waqtigaa.
Matalan Harti,Marreexaan, iyo Hawiye oo ay ugu suurta galsantahay inay ka soogurmadeen gobollo kale, arrintoodu sidaa ma ahayn. Carab-faqiih wuxuucaddaynayaa inay degenaayeen agagaarka Harar, halkaasoo ay walidegenyihiin. Qabiilooyinka kalana waxay degenaayeen isla aagaas iyo kasii galbeed17.Isla ayaamaha aabayaashii Xarla iyo Wali-asmac Jabarti ay galbeedka uhogaaminayeen jilibbada Daaroodka si ay ugu biiraan Soomaalidii halkaahoray u degenayd, ayaa qoysaska bariguna xiriir la yeesheen kuwagalbeedka. Matalan arrimo dhawr ah ayaa muujinaya in Udba lacag oo kubeegnayd Q10aad ama kii 11aad, dadkeedu ahaayeen kuwii degenaa gobalkaHarar-Hawaash.Ma muuqato in Cafartu qayb ka ahaayeen saldanadihii Awfaat/Awdal iyohalgankoodii. Alvares waxuu caddeeyay in Awdal, oo xadkeedu fidsanaamin Raascasayr ilaa Fatagaar, iyo Dankali ay laba dawladood kalaahaayeen18.
Cafarta oo ay horyaal u ahaayeen Dooba iyo Cawsa, waxayXabashida kula jireen halgan ka madax bannaan kan Soomaalida, inkastooay dhici karto in kooxo Cafar ahi mararka qaarkood ku soo biirayeenSoomaalida. Dadka kaliya ee ay caddahay inay qayb ka ahaayeen halgankaSoomaalida, waxay ahaayeen kooxaha Hawaashiga ah ee Adari, iyo dabcanArgobba, kuwaasoo waligood Soomaali ku tirsanaa. G/Shawa, G/Fatagaariyo Hadiya badankeeda, waxaa degenaa Kuushiyiinta galbeed oo waqtigaasloo yiqiin Daamuut. G-ka iyo KG ee Fatagaar, waxaa ayaguna degenaakooxaha Hawaashiga ah ee Guraage iyo Gafaat. Qayb weyn oo ka mid ahdadyowgan ayaa islaamay, oo xiriirka Soomaalidu saameeyay.
IMAAMKA KA BACDI:
Geeridii imaamka ka bacdi jaah wareer ayaa ku dhacay muslimiinta.Xabasha oo soo rogaal celisay iyo Oromo koofurta ka timi ayaa weerarroculus ku hayay. Amiir Nuur Mujaahid ayaa 1551 la doortay. Soomaalidudagaal ay gaareen W/Shawa 1559, waxay si weyn u jabiyeen Xabashidaayadoo halkaa lagu dilay Galawdewos. Asagoo raba mar kale inuuburburiyo Xabasha, ayuu amiir Nuur ka war helay Harar inay khatar ugujirto inay u dhacdo Oromada. Oromadu soohdin kale ayay ku noqdeenmuslimiinta.
Markaa amiirka, oo ay caawinayeen Aw Abaadir iyo Aw Cali,ayaa Oromada deyr kaga meeriyay Harar, intaanu 1567 u dhiman cudurummadda baabi'iyay.Markaa wixii ka danbeeyay Awdal waxay gashay xaalad murugo leh.Khilaaf iyo dagaal sokeeye ayaa soo food saaray. Ilaa 15 hogaamiyeayaa 1567-1590 xukunka isku baddalay. Xabashida ayay wali iska siidifaacayeen. Oramada ayaa dagaallo xun ku haysay, kuwaasoo Hararbaabi'iyay 1570aadkii. Sidaasoo ay tahay Soomaalidu 1577 waxay dib uqabsadaan ilaa Hadiya iyo W/Shawa. Ha yeeshee amiir moxamedkiiwaqtigaas, abaanduulayaashiisi i iyo 3 wiil oo ilma amiir Nuur ah ayaaHadiya lagu jabiyay oo lagu laayay. Oramadu 1583 waxay dileen amiirkiiwaqtigaas Moxammed Ibraahim Ghaazi. Isla 1570aadkii ayaa Cafartu sooweerartay W/Awdal iyo khadadka ganacsiga. Awoodda xeebta waqooyi waxaala wareegay maamulkii Turkiga19.
Boortaqiiskuna wuxuu duqeyn joogta ahku hayay qarniga oo dhan xeebaha Soomaaliya iyo kuwa muslimiinta ee laxiriira, marka laga reebo Xamar oo uu ka cabsaday.Dagaalkii muddada 3 qarni ah ka dhex socday Soomaalida iyo Xabashiduwuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu dheeraa uguna dhig daadashadabadnaa ee adduunka. Ugu yaraan 6 ka mid ah nagaashyadii Xabashida iyo7 ka mid ah suldaammadii Soomalida ee xukunka qabtay 1360-1570 ayaagoob dagaal lagu dilay. Inkastoo Harar sii ahayd xurun dhaqan, haddanasaldanaddii Awdal-Al-Umaraa' a ka dib ilaa 8 qarni, waxay noqotay midbaaba'day.Waxay u muuqataa saldanidihii Ajuuraan iyo Majeerteeniya inay ka soofufeen danbaskii Awdal. Ajuuraan oo saldanad xoog badan ku lahaaberriga Banaadir Q15aad-17aad, waxaa la inoo sheegay inay asal ahaanka yimaadeen Hawd galbeed20. Alvares iyo Galawdewos, Q16aad waxay inoosheegeen in gobalka Raascasayr uu ka jiray maamul maxalli ah oo kuxiran Awdal21.
Ilaa Q13aad Xamar waxay ahayd dawlad abaabulan.Xabashidu suldaan Badlay waxay ku eedeeyeen inuu taageero ka helayXamar.Oromada oo duullaankoodu ahaa mid dabiici ah oo ka madax bannaanaydolojiyad iyo siyaasad, waxay kala dhexgaleen Soomaalidii iyoXabashidii is dilayay, waxayna qabsadeen gobolladii Soomaaliyeed ooXabashidu horay u jilcisay. Aakhirkii Q18aad, waxay bilaabeen inayislaamaan. Ka hor 1537kii Oromadu waxay ahaayeen qabiil kooban oodhalasha ahaan aan ka fogayn Soomaalida, kuna nabnaa G/Baali. Laakin1550-1800 waxay qabsadeen: min Maliindi ilaa koofurta Tigray, K-W; iyomin Harar ilaa Banii Shanguul, B-G. Dadyowgii Soomaalida, Cafarta,Kuushiyiinta galbeed iwm, ee degenaa dhulalka ay qabsadeen, wayoromeeyeen; in Oromadu mar degenayd bariga Geeska Afrika, waxay ahaydbeen fakatay, oo hadda la saxay22.
Jabkii soohdinta koofureed:
Fahamka jabka Q16aad ma dhammaystirna, haddaynaan xusin waxyaalihii kadhacay koofurta fog (gobalka Omo-Taana) ee Soomaaliyadii waqtigaas.Bartamihii Q16aad ayaa Oromadu bilawday weerarkoodii gobalkaOmo-Taana-Ganaane. Weerarkoodii Koofurta waxay muddadaas jab iyo kalafirir u geysteen Soomaalidii iyo Baantuuga oo ayagu ilaa 800 kiitartiib ula soo degayay Soomaalida xeebta waqooyiga Mombaasa. Dhowrmagaalo oo Buurgaabo iyo Geedi ka mid ahaayeen ayaa baaba'ay. Jabka kudhacay gabolka koofureed, waxaa astaan looga dhigaa: Madanle iyoMaracato iwm oo aan lahayn meelay ku danbeeyeen; Segeju oo u qaxaydhinaca Tanga W/Tanzaaniya; Katwa oo ah ilaa 8 qabiil oo ku biirayBaajuunta; Bayso oo ku go'doomay aagga Hadiya; Gabra oo oromowday;Garre iyo Rendille oo ay ku dhacday kala firir weyn; kooxoSoomaali-Sawaaxili ah oo u soo qaxay Baraawe; Kooxo Soomaali iyoBaantuu ah oo u soo qaxay Shabeellada hoose. Cilmi baaristu waxaycaddaysay dhammaan koxahani inay ahaayeen Soomaali (facyaashiiMadanle-Digil/ Mirifle) boqollaal ama kumanyaal sano degenaa gobolkaOmo-Taana, kuwaasoo uu saameeyay weerarkii Oromada iyo fiditaankiiBaantuuga.
Baantuuga oo dhawr qarni ka hor ka soo dhaqaaqay gobolka wabiyadaKongo-Nayjar, 200-400 kii MD ayay soo gaareen bariga Afrika. Muddadii800-1000 kiina aagga Mombaasa23 . Isla 500 ilaa 1500 MD, ayaaNiiliyiinta iyo Niilo-Xaamiyiinta oo ka kala yimi K/Suudaan iyoG/Geeska Afrika, siday u kala horreeyaan, ku faafeen WG ee Kenya.Qarnigii 16aad wuxuu ku astaysanyahay jabkii kowaad ee Soomaalida,kaasoo ay waayeen saddex-dalool, 1/3, ka mid ah dhulkoodii qadiimkaahaa. (Labada gobol ee muhimka u ah taariikhdii hore ee Soomaalida ookala ah: Raascasayr-Shawa- Shabeelle iyo Omo-Taana-Ganaane, waxaa iskuxirayay gobolka dhexe oo aan ugu yeeri karno Hadiya-Hawiye, kaasoo ahkhadka isku xira bar-bilowga wabi Shabeelle iyo xeebta k/bari).
JABKII 2aad:
Inkastoo 1600aadkii Xabashidu ay u jeesatay aagagga Gondor iyo Goojaamayna xasuuqday Agaw iyo Falaasha, haddana ilaa 1850 aadkiidawladnimadii Xabashidu way luntay. Waqtigaan ayaa reer Yurubbilaabeen inay soo nooleeyaan oo bakhti afuufaan Xabashida. 1870Xabasha waxay ka koobnayd Tigray iyo dhul aan ka badnayn 100 km oo isku wareeg ah oo ahaa W/Shawa iyo G/Wallo. Qaybtan oo uu xukumayayMinilik iyo Tigray waxay midoobeen 1889.
Markii ugu horreysay ooXabashidu dib u qabsato dhul Soomaaliyeed waxay ahayd bilowgii1880aadkii, markaasoo Minilik ku soo fiday aagga Haadaamo, bartamahaHawaash. Ha yeeshee dagaalka dhabta ahi wuxuu bilowday Des. 1886 -Jan. 1887 markaasoo ay qabsatay Harar24. Siinta hubka faraha badan eeay ku gaysatay xasuuqa iyo dhaca ka sokow, 1886-1954 Xabasha waxayreer Yurub la saxiixatay ugu yaraan 10 heshiis oo u ogolaanayay inayqabsato dhul Soomaaliyeed ( 1886, 1889, 1897, 1934, 1942, 1944, 1948,iyo 1954; kuwaani kuma jiraan heshiisyada reer Yurub laftigooduu ay ukala saxiixdeen inay qaybiyaan Soomaaliya). Itoobiya 1950aadkii waxayqaadday olole weyn oo ay kaga hortagaysay xorriyaddii Soomaaliya iyomidnimadii labada qaybood. Markay taas reer galbeedka taageera ugaweyday, waxay si ku meel gaar ah isugu xumaadeen saaxiibadeediiIngiriis iyo Maraykan.
Dadaalka ugu weyn ee 1960aadkii lagu horistaagayay in gobolkii Taana (NFD) uu ku biiro Soomaaliya wuxuu kayimi Itoobiya.Itoobiya waxay ahayd dalka kaliya ee is hortaagay xornimada Jabuuti, ucodayntii arrintaas ee Golaha guud ee Ummadaha midoobay 1976. Ilaaqaybo Soomaali ahi ay ka xoroobeen 1960, Itoobiya waxay adduunka kadhaadhacsiinaysay inaanu jirin qaran Soomaaliyeed. Dhinaca ka hortaggadareenka waddaniyadda, Itoobiya waxay ka qayb qaadatay dagaalkiigumaystayaashu la galeen daraawiishta; Xasuuq ayay ku samaysay 1944,1948 iyo 1952, dadka aagga Jigjiga-Harar, badanaa Geri, sababtoo ahinay taageera u muujiyeen SYL amay diideen soo noqoshaddii Xabashida.Ceelcad, Doollo iyo Hawd galbeed ayaa taasoo kale ka dhacday1960aadkii25.40kii sano ee u dhexeeyay Jan. 1887 oo la qabsaday Harar iyo Jan. 1927oo la jabiyay saldanaddi Bari, waxay ku aaddanyihiin jabkii labaad eeSoomaaliya. Ma aha oo kaliya inay ku guuldarraysteen halgankii aygaleen muddadaas, waxay kaloo waayeen daloolkii 2aad ee dalkoodakaasoo u gacan galay Xabashida.
Halgankaas waxaa ugu weynaa lix dagaaloo kala ahaa: Dagaalkii Daraawiishta 1899-1920 kii. Wuxuu ka mid ahaaisticmaar diidyadii ugu khasaaraha weynaa ee adduunka; halaag iyobaaba'a aan hor iyo dib toonna loo arag, ayuu u geystay Nugaal iyohareeraheeda inkastoo uu saameeyay Soomaali badankeeda. DagaalkiiJubba-Wajeer 1890aadkii iyo 1915kii, wuxuu ahaa gadood waana ugukhasaara yaraa. Dagaalkii Sh/hoose: waa goobtii Lafoole 1896 iyodagaalkii Biyamaal 1906-8, daraawiishta ayuu xiriir la lahaa.Dagaalkii Sh. Xasan Barsame, Sh/dhexe Feb.- Abr. 1924 kii. Dagaalkiisaldanadda Hobyo 1925 kii. DagaalKii Majeerteeniya 1925-27.
Talyaanniga oo Bari fallaago u haystay, Ilaa 1901 dii dhawr jeer ayuuka duqeeyay dhinaca badda. Ha yeeshee labadii sano oo ugu danbeeyay,dagaal ciidammada badda iyo kuwa lugtuba ka qayb qaateen wuxuu ahaakii ugu khasaara badnaa kan daraawiishta ka sokow.
Isla markaa hay'adihii siyaasadda ee Soomaalida ee waqtigaasi mamoogeyn khatarta fiditaanka Xabasha iyo dhicitaanka Harar. Ingiriisku1890 wuxuu ku qiyaasay Majeerteeniya ilaa 750 oo qori inay u dirtaybeelo reer galbeed ah oo laga magacaabay Geri, si ay u xoreeyaanHarar. Isla ayaamahaas ayaa maamulkii Ingiriiska ee Berbera sheegayinuu ku gacan sayray wafdi ka yimi Majeerteeniya oo doonayay inuu kadhaadhacsiiyo ciidan ay ka dajiyaan Saylac, ka bacdina ku weeraraanHarar26. Horayna Xirsi Cali oo 1886 amiir Cabdullaahigii Harar ergoahaan ugu diray Ingiriiska si uu ugala hadlo weerarka Xabashida, wuxuuka socday Majeerteeniya, kaasoo markii hore turjumaan carabi u ahaaIngiriiska27. Boqor Cusmaan iyo Keenadiid oo col ahaa 1890aadkii waxayheshiis ku ahaayeen inay Talyaaniga ka dhaadhacsiiyaan inuu u hubeeyo50000 oo nin oo laga qoro Bari iyo Bogox, si ay ugu duulaan Harar.Markii taas lagu diiday, boqor Cusmaan wuxuu u jeestay inuu taageeroSayyid Moxammed, oo uu hub u dirayay 1900-1903.
Keenadiid laftigiisuhub ayuu u dirayay sayyidka, intuuna ka qabsan Galkacyo 1902.Ma garan karno sababta boqorku xiriirka ugu gooyay sayyidka 1904 tii,waxaanse ogsoonnahay Agoosto, xagaagii 1903 dii, sayyidku intuu jidkaku sii jiray inuu fuliyay xasuuqii Ilig-daldale, kaasoo ugu danbeeyaydhawr arrimood oo naxdin leh oo daraawiishtu ku tallaabsatay28.
SABABAHA GUULDARRADA:
Guul darrooyinkaas taariikhiga ah Soomaalida waxaa dhaxal siiyayarrimaha ay ka mid yihiin: hogaamin xumo: wax badan dadku ma araghogaamiye danta ummadda ka hormariya tiisa, oo lagu midoobo; dadka ootaariikhda dalkooda kaga sugan jahliga ugu weyn; dadka badankiisa oowacyigooda siyaasiga ahi hooseeyo; dadka badankiisa oo aan dhaqan ulahayn inay taageeraan awood dhexe, oo ka gudbi la' dareen qabali ahama dan shakhsi ah; ayadoo lagu kufriyay nicmooyin khaas ah oo ay kamid yihiin: caqiido samaawi ah iyo midnimo kaamil ah; marka duruufadagi jirto oo dadka qaarki u wareegaan dhanka cadawga.Marka Biyamaal iyo saaxiibadood ay hor taagnaayeen Talyaanniga, ragkale ayaa kala shaqaynayay qabsashadii Banaadir; Rag ka socda beelahaWG ayaa Ingiriiska u suurta galiyay inuu jabiyo Daraawiish; Rag kasocda koofurta Ximan (Galgaduud) ayaa Talyaanniga u suurta galiyayinuu jabiyo ciidankii Cumar Samatar iyo Xirsi Guushaa;
Inkastoo reerwaqooyiga-Mudug ay qayb ka ahaayeen dagaalladii kululaa ee lagudifaacayay Eyl, haddana aakhirkii dagaalka way ka baxeen, rag katirsan ayaana ku biiray ciidanka reer- Mudugga koofureed oo horaybaTalyaannigu ugu adeegsanayay jabinta Majeerteeniya29. Koox odayaal ahoo wax ma garad ah, ayaa 1940aadkii Itoobiya u kaashatay in Ingiriiskuku wareejiyo Soomaali galbeed, ayagoo dhabar jabiyay ololihii SYL iyoshacabku ugu jireen inaan taasi dhicin30.Inkastoo Soomaalidu ka mid yihiin dadyowga dhiigga ugu badan udaadshay qarannimadooda, haddana ilaa haatan kuma naalloon wax guulah. Waxay ku guuldarraysteen inay iska saxaan gol daloolooyinka laharay. Dhibaato khaariji ahi waxay tahay, Itoobiya oo mar walba udarban inay ka faa'iidaysato gol daloolooyinkaas.
GABAGABO:
Qabiilooyinka maanta degen Burco, Gaalkacyo, Baladweyn, Qoryoolay iwm,450 sano ka hor, waxaa laga yaabaa inaanay halkaa degenayn. Laakiin isbaddalkaasi ma aha mid la dareemi karo, ummad ahaan, waayo kuwa ayagala mid ah ayay baddaleen, kuwaasoo laftigoodu aan ka fogayn halkaas.Dhulka u dhexeeya Harar iyo Hadiya, 450 sano ka hor waxaa degenaa dadsida kuwa Raascasayr ka tala qaadanayay suldaanka Saylac; laqabkamadaxdoodu ahaa "garaad"; dhulkooda magacyadiisa ay ka mid ahaayeen:Wargaal, Buur,Baabsare, Baahila, calamaale, Kob, Dalbaad, Dayr, Racbooda, Gunbura iwm; kuwaasoo 1200kii, Sh. Nuur Xuseenkii Marka kusoo dhaweeyay Baali; kuwaasoo Amxaaradu ka baratay 1332 in qaybta sareee biyaha Shabeelle magacoodu yahay Wabi, Oromaduna ka baratay 1537kii, walina magacaasi yahay kan kaliya ee loo yaqaan halkaas.
Dad ka qarannimo duwan dadkii noocaas ahaa ayaa maanta degen dhulkaas,kuwa ayagii la hayb ahina raja weyn kama qabaan inay sheegtaandhulkaas. Taasi waa natiijada lagu yaqaan marka ummadi kala fahmiweydo farqiga u dhexeeya khilaafka gudaheeda iyo khatarta cadawgeeda.Soomaaliya waxay ku jirtaa jabkeedii 3aad, daloolkii 3aad ee dalkeedaka badbaadayna maanta cidla ayuu yaal; Xabasha waxaa la gudboonxaqiijinta riyadii ay kunka sano rimmanayd, inay maruun kulaashobadweynta Hindiya iyo badda Cas. Meles iyo kooxdiisu waxay jeclaanlahaayeen inay dhamaystiraan shaqadii Camda-siyoon iyo Minilik.Soomaali inay ka soo doogto arrimahaas aan udaynno garashada dadkeedaiyo garnaqa taariikhda.
suleman mousa elmi
Norway
elmi_lion@hotmail.com
Warbixin:-Xasuuqii Waxshiga ahaa ee Taliskii Xabishidda - By Mukhar & Mukhtar
Waayo umad kasta oo uunkan ku nooli waxay leedahay dhacdooyin taariikheed oo soo jireen ah oo ay ku dhaataan ama ay ka dhiidhiyaan, waana laba midkood uun,
taariikh xambaarsan badhaadhe iyo himilooyin wanaagsan oo la hantay.
taariikh xambaarsan tiiraanyo, dhiilo ama dhacdo xusuus reeb xun leh .
hadaba dhacdooyinkan is huwan ayaa badanaaba waxa weeleeya maskax kastoo caafimaad qabta taasi oo ku dul suntan, raad-raaca taariikheed ee jiilba jiil uga sii taariikhoodo, arinta aan ugoleeyahay ee aan ubanbaxay wax kaqoristeeda islamarkaana aan ushanqadhiyo dhalinta facayga ah ee gayiga degan ayaa ah, akhristow raad-raaca taariikhda ee guunka ah oo maanta si urugo iyo naxdin leh u xusaysa bar-baartii, ubixii, sida xun ugu riiqday weeraradii waxshiga ahaa ee aan lookaala aabo yeelin ubax iyo xaamilaba.
Hadab bulshoweynta reer Awdal yaa ah bulsho ehel u’ah ilbaxnimo iyo aqoon dabo dheeraatay, isla markaan ku dhaadata taariikh guun ah oo soo jireen ah, waxaaana taasi marag ma doon u ah ilbaxnimadii Adal iyo sooyaalkii soomaaliyeed ee kahaqaaday guud ahaan Awdalta maanta taaso ahayd boqortooyo awood cudud iyo ilbaxnimo gaadhay oo xukunkeedu gaadhsiisnaa ilaa shawa(Ethiopia) taas oo la odhankaro waa halka ilbaxnimadii soomalidu ay ka soo dhab qaadatay .
Hadaba hadii aan ugudo galo dhacdan naxdinta leh ayaa waxay ubilaabmaysaa sidan hoose.
Amintu waa goor barqa ah abaaro 10:30 AM bishii janaayo 1984 kii waana maalin farxad iyo rayn-rayn badan ay dadkuna faras magaalaha Boorama (xarunta iyo caasimada gobalka Awdal) ay tuganyihiin oo raxmaad iyo nimcad illaah ku mashaqeeyay taasi oo ay dheerayd jawi bilan oo ay weheliyaan neecaw iyo reexaan udug badan oo ka soo dhabanaayay dhinaca buuralayda iyo xeebaha gobolka.
Laakiin nasiib daro waayahan faraxa badan u mayna hiilin shacabkii u sacabotumaayay ee u heelanaa, Kadib markii 6 diyaaradood oo nuuca dagaalka ay ka soo gudbeen dhinaca xadka xabashida kuwaas oo bartilmaameed rasmi ah ka dhigtay ubax aan waxba galafsan oo duruus ujoog ku ahaa dugsiyadoodii. Deegaamo xaafadeed iyo xarumo ganacsiba, gardaradaa aan geedna lagula soo gaban ayaa waxaa ku galbaday 37 arday oo da’doodu udhaxaysay (6-14)sano iyo 4 macallin, halka dhaawucuna kor u dhaafay 39 arday iyo 5 macalin kuwaas oo sixun u dhaawacmay ,wxaa kaloo dadka ku nafwaayay kamid haa afar hooyo oo xaamilooyin ahaa kuwaasi uu sugnaa MCH-ka ad dhawaa dudsiyadaasi sida xun loo ataagay.
Markasoo ay bulshada caalamkuna ay ku mashquulsanaayeen waa xiligaasiye ka badbaadinta dhalaanka nafaqadarada, macaluusha, xanuunada iyo cidhibtirka jahlinimada, ayay xukuumada xabashiduna ay awoodeeda ku tijaabisay ubad soomaaliyeed oo birimagayda ah ,shikina kuma jiro in xukuumadaha xabashidu ay yihiin xoog u taagan bur-burinta shacabka iyo bar-baarta uhanaqadaysa gayigan.
Anaga oo kuhadlayna magaca bulshaweynta reer Awdal iyo eheladii dhibanayaasha ayaan ugu baaqaynaa dadyowga nabada jecel in aydhinac uga soo jeestaan ficilada xun ee ay cadaysteen xukuumadahasi xabashidu, arintu sikasta ahaatee dhacdadani waxay fariin ugudbinyasaa bulshoweynta soomaliyeed in ay cadowgooda u foojignadaan waxaana la, arkaa in dhinbiilihii hore ay wali dhab holcinayaan , inkastoo xasuuqaasi naxdin we-wel iyo tiiraanyo ku sogootiyay bulsho weynta reer awdal hadana waxaa xusid mudan in ayna cidna dabooli Karin ubax soo foodhacaaya!! .
Balse su’aasha la isweyndiin karo ayaa ah intee ayuu leekaa taageeradii ay ufidisay xukuumadii milatariga ahayd ee siyaad barre dhibanayaashii ay dhacdani ku hafsatay ?
Jawaabta ayaa ah mid cad dadka inta badana ay aaminsanyihiin in wax gar-gaarah oo sidaasi ubuuran ayna dadkaasi helin ,balse wax uun lagudboonaa dowlada in ay shicibaka ka difaacdo duqaynta arxandarada ah balse taasina ma ay dhicin ,waan taas ta sobobtay in uu wax kooban noqdo taageeradii ay bulshoweynta reer Awdal uqabeen xukuumadii xilligaasi.
Iskusoo wad xooriyoo hada waxaa lataaganyahay xiligii dhibanayaasha lagu xusilahaa taalo laga dhex qotamiyo faras magaalaha caasimada gobolka ee Boorama, si aan maanka iyo quluubta ugu hayno ubaxaasi inaga baxay dhamaanteen ,waayo bulsho kastaa waxa ay leedahay calaamad ay kuxusuusato dhacdooyinkan nuucan oo kale ah .
Gabo-gabada iyo gunaadka qalinkayga urugo qormaaya kuna hadlaya magacayga iyo magaca dhalinta reer awdal iyo magaca qoysaskii dhibtu gaadhay ayaan waxaan tacsi tiiraanyo leh ugubinaynaa dhamaan bulshoweynta reer awdal meelkasta oo ay joogaan dal iyo dibadba iyo guud ahaan bulshoweynta soomaaliyeed ,taariikhduna way xusi ubaxaasi saxiibadayo ,wehelkayo,kuwaas oo nala qoondaynlahaa dhabada nolasha waxaase hubal ah in ay rabi ku galaday janatu firdowsa naxariisna, ay hugooga noqotay dhamaanteen allaah raxmaanka ahi samir iyo iimaan ha inaga siiyo aamiin ..............
Magaacda iyo Sawiradii
Qalinkii iyo qormadii tiiraanyeysnayd ee
Walaalihiin : Mukhtaar C/raxmaan iyo Mukhtaar Ibraahim
Mukhtaar24@rediff.com
Taageero iyo Wargalin - Omar Sulthan
08 Septemper 2007
Aniga oo ku hadlaaya magaca dhalinyarada qurba jooga maxad case kuwaas oo kala jooga Waqooyiga Ameerika, yurub, kanada, iyo bariga dhexe, waxaan marka hore taageero buuxda labarbar taaganahay go' aan ka geesinimada iyo badheedh ka ah ee ay dhawaan kala noqdeen kalsoonidii iyo taageeradii xisbiga kalidii taliska ah ee daahir Rayaale Kaahin.
kuna biiray xisbiga kulmiye.waxa kale oon hanbalyo u diraynaa mudane Hoori (oo ahaa wasiir ku xigeenkii wasaarada xanaanada xoolaha oo iska casilay) oo baal dahaba ka gaalay baalasha geesiyiin ta udhashay gobolkan awdal ee naf iyo maalba u huray bad baadada umadoo da, waxaan kuu haynaa sharaf waxaanan kugu taageeraynaa sida aad uga dhiidhiday xukuumada rayaale ee kubahawday cunfiga iyo cabudhinta mawqifkaaguna waa midka geesiga lagu yaqaan.kadib markaan u arag nay in maslaxada umada somaaliland dhamaantiis xisbigaas ay kujirto kaas u kusifoobay caadil nimo, diimoqraadi nimo, kala danbayn, iyo anshax wanaag,islamarkaana si gaara aan u aragnay in maslaxada gobolka aan kasoo jeedno ee awdal dani ugu jirto.waxaan goosanay hadaan qurba jooga maxadcase nahay inaan taageerada yada labarbar istaagno xisbiga KULMIYE.
kadib makii goloka awdal een kasoo jeed naa ku hongoobay xukuumada daahir rayaale kana qaday adeeg yada aas aasiga ah ee mujtamacaasi u baahnaa, ha, ahaato dhaqaale, caafimaad, iyo dhamaan ba adeeg yada bulshada oo dhan.taa soo ay u dheer tahay caga juglayn iyo cabudhin (qaybi oo xukun).Waxaan idin leenahay hambalyo talaabo loo baah naa ayaaad muujiseen waanan idin taageeraynaa. waxaan is la garanay inaan dhamaantayo is barbar taagno xisbiga kulmiye,lanashaqayno walaalahayaga xisbiga kulmiye ee qurba jooga isna barbar taagno lana qaybsano hawsha ku beegan adeega bulshada soomaaliland kaga xidhan wadanka debadiisa.taasi waynaga go an tahay.waxaan ku boorinaynaa niman ka leh xisbiga kulmiye waa SNM. wuudhamaaday waqtigii xisbiga udub istiraatijiyadiisa ku aadan awdal dhegta ugu ridayay waa SNM, waxaan idin leenahay snm waan dagaalanay waanan ka heshiinay dibna loogu noqon maayo sheekadaas, e rayaalow wax kale oo lagaa dhegaysto umada usheeg.waxaanan kuu sheegaynaa inaan si cad oon leex leexad lahay kaaga dareer nay xisbiga aad horjoogaha ka tahay ee udub. kadib markaan u aragnay in wax maslaxada oo umadan gobolka kunool habayaraatee ayna ugu jirin.
waxaan kaloon ugu baa qaynaa dhamaan walaalaha yaga ku nool gobala kan awdal ee maanta lasocda xaalada adag ee wadankani marayo gaar ahaan gobol kaan kasoo jeedno iyadoon cidna maanta loo tilmaamayn wax yeelada soo gaadhay intii uu xisbigaa si katalinayay dal ka.hadii aan tusaale yar idinka siiyo waxa ay dawladii rayaale awoodi wayday dhismihi groonkii biroole kaasoo soo galay maanta loo lanka siyaasada oo noqday markii sadexaad oo dhagax ladhigo. hadaba mee dawladii qaranka ee wadankan ka talinaysay ee waajib kasaarnaa adeega bulshada sida arinkan biroole iyo dariiqa dila iyo boorama u dhexeeya oo ku danbeeyay mash ruucii faanoole fari kama qodna iyo IWM. waxaan lee nahay xukuumada rayaale (Shame on you).
Waxaan hanbalyo u diraynaa dhalin yarada madaalaha ah ee gobol kan kasoo jeeda, sida ay goor iyo ayaan ugu guntan yihiin hawlihii ay dawlada rayaaye dayacday gaar ahaan dhismaha garoon ka biroole iyo iwmwaxaan hadal kayaga kusoo gaba gabaynaynaa:
"Raga laxaha sii dhawrayow dhaqasho waa geele."
Awdal hajirto;Nin habari dhashay halmaseegi waayo.
Omar Sulthan - U.S.A
omarsulthan@yahoo.com
Osama bin Laden releases first videotaped message since 2004 - Kansascity.com
By WARREN P. STROBEL
McClatchy Newspapers
WASHINGTON In his first videotaped message in nearly three years, terrorist leader Osama bin Laden accused President Bush of leading the United States to failure in Iraq.
He also needled congressional Democrats for not stopping the war.
Bin Laden asserted in the rambling half-hour video that the U.S. is repeating the mistake of the Soviet Union in its 1979 invasion of Afghanistan.
“The mistakes of (late Soviet leader Leonid) Brezhnev are being repeated by Bush, who … said in effect that the withdrawal will not be during his reign,” bin Laden said, according to a transcript made available Friday. Bush, he said, was “like the one who plows and sows the sea: He harvests nothing but failure.” While Bush professes to be spreading democracy in Iraq, “he is in fact working with the leaders of one sect against another sect,” bin Laden said.
And while U.S. voters gave the Democratic Party control of Congress in last year’s elections, “the Democrats haven’t made a move worth mentioning,” he said.
A U.S. intelligence official said Friday that technical analysis “suggests the voice is indeed that of Osama bin Laden.”
The videotaped message appeared on the eve of next week’s sixth anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, which killed nearly 3,000 people. Bin Laden and his al-Qaida organization were responsible.
Bin Laden hadn’t been seen in a videotape since October 2004, just before the last U.S. presidential election.
Source: Kansascity
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Friday, September 07, 2007
Ayaa mudan inaa latahniyadeeyo - Abdifatax Cige
waxaan aad iyo ad ugufaraxsanahay inay jiraan hablo soomaaliyeed oo awood uleh hal abuurka inkastooy badan yihiin dadka yaraysta awoodooda hal abuurnimo aniga laftaydu waxaan aaminsanaa inayna karti ulahayn hal abuurka waxaanan odhan jiray
tarabuunka maansada marka loo tartamo gabay haween laguma tala galo hadanna waxaa waajib igu noqotay inaan noqdo midka ugu baaqa inaa haweeenka lagu dhiiri galiyo looguna sacabiyo waxyabaha ay kusoo dareen bulshada hada waxaan uga socda hadalkan oo igu dhaliyay qoraalka maqaalkan waxay ahayd laba maanso oonka akhristay lughayanews oo ay kala lahaayeen oumalkhayr robleh cilmi oo joogta Dakar siniingal iyo rooda miisaan oo joogta maraykanka.
mansooyinka ayaa ahaa kuwo aad loola dhacay oo runtii soojeeediyay indhah dadka markaas waxaan aad iyo aad uga xumahay inaan lahabsaamay inaan tahniyadeeyo haweenkaas inta aaminsan inayna haweenku awood ulahayn hal abuurkana waxaan rajaynayaa inay kawaantooban aragtidoodaaa sida mr.sakariye xuseen oo katirsan bahda lughayaba uga soonoqday aragtidaa waa sida uu kubayaamiyay maqaal uu kaqoray gabaygii gabadhaas rooda hadaba anoona kusii dheeraanayn ayaan jeclaaday inaan kusoo xidho maansadan yar oo ahayd mid ay sabab u ahaayeen maansooyinka haweenkaas waxaanan idhi
tira badan dadka jecel
talaabada allaa qora
tuse macalinbaa umudan
tacliin barashadeedana
haka taginadaa roon
taariikhda dunidana
inlataabacaa roon
todobaad dhawaydbaan
tixdan rooda helayoo
tankis iyo alaylehe
taree boo ayay hayd
midla tiigsaday hayd
sida loo texee hadal
lootiriyo maansana
laga tuugsaday hayd
tixda gabay wanaageed
murti taaba galinteed
gabadh toosisay hayd
kutiiq tiqsatay hayd
tilmaan bixisay bay hayd
tolka kaca tidhay hayd
tosha marada baylahan
farta ugu tilmaantood
isku taga tidhay hayd
alaylehe talaabada
tiriig soco yidhay hayd
bulsha loo tar tama iyo
kuwa taagta aan hayn
wax utara tidhay hayd
aan kuutuura hadalkee
cida taarka aan diri
aan utabi isleeyahay
tagsan rooda weeyaan
sootabi murtida oo
talan taali sheekada
hakatagin sargoyantiyo
tafa tirida weedhaha
sidoo kale maansada ay kuqortay umalkhayr robleh lughaya ayaa taabanaysay bulshada dhaqankeeda iyo qaabka loodhisi karo reer. taasina waxay mudan tahay amaan kuwaasoo kalena waa kuwa loobaahanyahay markas waxaan jeclaan lahayn inaan aragno haweeenkaloo soomaaliyeed oo iyaguna kaqayb qaadanaya nolosha bulshada iyo hal abuurnimada waxaanan leehay labada gabdhoodba mabruuk halkaana kasii wada
c/fatax daahir cige
mudane_22@hotmail.com
Cairo
Somalia: Africa Insight - Why Talk in Hotels Won't Yield Long Term Peace
Eliezer Wangulu
Nairobi
07 September 2007
The crisis in Somalia has sucked Horn of Africa nations and the U.S. into a vortex of violence that will not end until Somalia evolves and manages its own peace process, writes ELIEZER WANGULU
Towards the end of nineteenth century, Somalia was partitioned between European colonial powers and Ethiopia. The Somali Peninsula, one of the most culturally homogeneous regions of Africa, was divided into British Somaliland, French Somaliland, Italian Somaliland, Ethiopian Somaliland (the Ogaden region), and what is now Kenya's North-Eastern Province.
After the formation of the modern Somali state, which came about as a result of the former British and Italian parts uniting in 1960, Somali leaders became preoccupied with the dream of unifying all areas populated by Somali people into one country to be called the Greater Somalia.
The collapse of the Siad Barre regime in 1991 was followed by a seven-year period of inter and intra clan civil war and banditry throughout the country.
Barre's manipulation of clans had created an atmosphere of mistrust and hostility that gradually weakened traditional and national institutions which were mostly based in Mogadishu. Simply put, when Mogadishu collapsed, as a country, Somalia collapsed as well.
Although unified as a single nation at independence, the south and the north, were, from an institutional point of view, two separate countries. Former colonisers Britain and Italy had left the two regions with separate administrative, legal, and education systems in which affairs were conducted according to different procedures and in different languages.
Police, taxes, and the exchange rates of their respective currencies also differed. Their educated elites had divergent interests, and economic contacts between the two regions were virtually nonexistent.
In 1960, the United Nations created the Consultative Commission for Integration. This was an international board headed by UN official, Paolo Contini, to guide the gradual merger of the new country's legal systems and institutions and to reconcile the differences between them. In 1964, the Consultative Commission for Legislation succeeded this body.
Composed of Somalis, it took up its predecessor's work.
But many southerners believed that, because of experience gained under the Italian trusteeship, theirs was the better prepared of the two regions for self-government. Northern political, administrative and commercial elites were reluctant to recognise that they now had to deal with Mogadishu.
The collapse could also be attributed to certain features of Somali lineage segmentation. The Somali clan organisation is an unstable system, whose main characteristic is ever-shifting allegiances. This segmentation goes down to the household level with the children of a man's two wives sometimes turning against one another on the basis of maternal lines.
Ethnographers state that power, among the Somali, is exercised through temporary coalitions and ephemeral alliances between lineages. A given alliance fragments into competitive units as soon as the situation that necessitated it ceases to exist. In urban settings, for example, where relatively large economic and political stakes are contested, the whole population may be polarised into two opposing camps of clan alliances. To varying degrees, the poles of power in the politics of independent Somalia generally have tended to gravitate around the Daarood clan and a confederacy of the Hawiye and the Isaaq clan families. Amidst the interclan violence that was the order of the day in the early 1990s, Somalis naturally sought comfort in Islam to make sense of their national disaster.
The Somali brand of messianic Islamism (others view it as fundamentalism) sprang up to fill the vacuum created by the collapse of the state. In the disintegrated Somali world of early 1992, Islamism appeared to be largely confined to Bender Cassim, a coastal town in the Majeerteen country. In this town operated assassins belonging to an underground Islamist movement whose adherents wished to purify the country of "infidel" influence.
Recent United States policy on Somalia has only made matters worse in the collapsed state. The Horn of Africa region, which has both suffered attacks by al Qaeda and hosted its agents is a legitimate concern of U.S.
Unholy alliances
According to media analyses, stemming the spread of terrorism and extremist ideologies has become such an overwhelming strategic objective for Washington that it has overshadowed U.S. efforts to resolve conflicts and promote good governance. Counterterrorism is now the main policy preoccupation in the Greater Horn, enjoying the same prioritisation as did anticommunism in the Cold War era.
To realise this aim in the Horn, it is averred that the Bush administration has too often nurtured relationships with autocratic leaders and favoured covert and military action over diplomacy. Sometimes that has even included feting in Langley (CIA headquarters in Virginia, USA) Sudanese officials suspected of having a hand in the massacres in Darfur or handing suitcases full of cash to warlords on the streets of Mogadishu. In Somalia, the core of the Islamist militant movement remains intact after Ethiopia's invasion, its members' passions inflamed by the intervention.
The leaders of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Uganda have used the spectre of war and the imperative of counterterrorism as excuses to crack down on political opponents and restive populations at home.
The humanitarian situation throughout the region, fragile even in times of peace, is now catastrophic. Nearly 9million people have been displaced, and chronic insecurity severely blocks access to humanitarian aid for the more than 16 million people who need it.
History will probably record the Ethiopian government's decision to team up with the U.S. administration for regime change in Somalia as a misadventure. Ethiopia has enough problems at home, brought into sharp relief when forces of an ethnic-Somali separatist group, the Ogaden National Liberation Front, raided an oil exploration facility, killing 74 people, including nine employees of a Chinese oil company.
Armed separatist groups are now changing tactics. Unable to match the army on the battlefield, the Ogaden National Liberation Front has chosen the spectacular to draw attention to its cause.
Only recently, a separatist group in the north tried something similar by kidnapping a group of British diplomats. Both horrific events can be attributed partly to fallout from Ethiopia's messy intervention in neighbouring Somalia.
Initial battles last December were decisively in Ethiopia's favour. But like the Americans in Iraq, the Ethiopians in Somalia were ill prepared for the aftermath. A growing insurgency has delayed the withdrawal of its troops, exposing the government to attacks at home. It has also inflamed tension among ethnic Somalis in Ethiopia. And ironically, the Chinese workers killed near Ethiopia's border with Somalia may have been victims more of Washington's policy in the region than of Beijing's.
The U.S. has actively backed Meles Zenawi's Somali adventure. In doing so it has undermined multilateral efforts to bring about peace. And, beset by two large internal revolts by the Ogadenis and Oromos Ethiopia is at even greater risk, as a dictatorship with little popular support. It is also mired in a conflict with Eritrea, which has denied it secure access to seaports on the Red Sea.
The best antidote to terrorism, according to Horn of Africa analysts say, is stability in Somalia, which the Islamic Courts had provided. The Islamists had strong public support, which had grown in the face of U.S. and Ethiopian interventions. As in other Muslim-Western conflicts, the world, undoubtedly, needs to engage with the Islamists to secure peace.
Now with world attention turning to the Horn of Africa on the suspicion that there are terrorist groups operating out of Somalia Ethiopia's role in the Horn conflict is being looked at differently.
Ethiopia has a very simple objective in Somalia, it is to ensure that no government of national unity is formed and that terrorist groups linked to Al-Qaeda continue to be rumoured to be operating from Somalia. This ensures that it doesn't face a threat from a strong Somalia which has on more than one occasion entered into an all out war with Ethiopia. Despite its statements to the contrary, Ethiopia gains much from the status quo in Somalia. It is therefore no surprise that it linked up with the only other group that gain from the status quo, the warlords.
The objective for the United States being in the fray is quite different. It is simply to prevent Somalia from being an unwilling haven for terrorist groups linked to Al-Qaeda. To pursue that objective, the United States is handicapped by the fact that state authority is limited to only portions of the country.
The United States has everything to gain from the formation of a broad-based all inclusive government and a stable Somalia while Ethiopia, at least in the mind of the Melez Zenaawi government, has everything to lose from such an eventuality.
In so much as this is true, one is forced to conclude that increased scrutiny of Somalia will reveal that Ethiopia's arming of warlords and sabotaging of every attempt at reconciliation derails prospects for peace in the Horn of Africa. And with so much of the world convulsed by crisis, little attention has been paid to this unfolding disaster in the Horn. The UN Security Council, however, did take up the issue, and in another cowardly act which will further cement its reputation as an anti-Muslim body, bowed to American and British pressure to authorise a regional peacekeeping force to enter Somalia to protect the transitional government and fight the Islamic Courts. So far, only Uganda has sent in troops.
Those familiar with Somali society can easily determine that clan loyalties far outweigh any potential appeal of religious extremism. Therefore, organisations such as Al-Qaeda can function only if there is chaos in Somalia. The return of law and order to Somalia is, according to one American analyst of the Somali situation, the draining of the swamp that is so much heard about from Pentagon officials.
He adds: The question is, who is preventing the alleged swamp from being drained in Somalia? He continues: Once we recognise that it is Ethiopia, will recognition come that Ethiopia's activities ensure the continuation of a potentially hospitable environment to an organisation that represents a clear and present danger to the United States and indeed the world?
The African Union (AU) has backed Ethiopia's military involvement in the growing crisis in Somalia.
There are, however, those who see logic in this decision. The Somali government, which was formed two years ago after months of bitter wrangling among Somali factions, was the 14th attempt to establish a new government for the country. When the new government was formed, President Abdullahi Yusuf was recognised not only by the African Union, but also by the United Nations.
To prevent Somalia's transitional government from being crushed in its final stronghold in the south-central Somali city of Baidoa, Ethiopia dispatched thousands of troops as well as aircraft in a major campaign. The Ethiopian campaign has been successful to date, with Ethiopian troops capturing Mogadishu and scattering the ICU's fighters.
Ethiopia's longtime rival, Eritrea, had troops in the country for about four months prior to the invasion. A confidential UN report drafted by the Monitoring Group on Somalia in late 2006 states that "2,000 fully equipped combat troops from Eritrea" arrived to the north of Mogadishu in late August, and redeployed to different areas held by the ICU.
According to high-level sources in Somalia's transitional government and U.S. intelligence, these Eritrean troops never left the country.
Eritrea has a history of violence with its larger neighbour. Eritrea fought a bloody campaign for independence from Ethiopia, which had annexed it in the early 1960s, and has since fought a border war with Ethiopia from 1998 until December 2000.
Eritrea supported the ICU as a proxy intended to destabilise Ethiopia, Dahir Jibreel, an international cooperation official for Somalia's transitional government, says.
Ismael "Buubba" Hurreh, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation for the Transitional Government of Somalia once confirmed that Eritrean soldiers had been fighting on the front lines alongside the ICU.
This revelation sheds further light on how Eritrea has actively helped the ICU try to topple Somalia's secular government. While the UN Monitoring Group on Somalia's report makes it clear that Eritrea greatly assisted the Islamic Courts prior to the outbreak of the conflict with Ethiopia, this is the first confirmation that Eritrean troops have assumed an active combat role.
The transitional government, on the other hand, is dominated by the warlords and terrorists who drove out American forces in 1993. Organised in Kenya by U.S. regional allies, the TNG seriously lacks internal legitimacy, which is why it has turned to Somalia's archenemy, Ethiopia, for assistance.
If this war continues, it will affect the whole region, do serious harm to U.S. interests and threaten Kenya, the only island of stability in this corner of Africa.
What does the future hold for Somalia? In the best case scenario, observers say, the country will be de-centralised into smaller manageable units. Each unit will need to develop its own economic base and modern institutions, including all levels of education, to allow it to exist as viable entity. If Somalia evolves in this way it will also be able to tap the potential resources of the country more efficiently. The sum of the decentralised units will make up a strong nation with many functioning elements.
A study group commissioned by the European Union with the assistance of the UN Development Office also concluded in "A study of Decentralised Political Structure for Somalia 1995" that the country should be de-centralised into "a federal or confederate or even into decentralised unitary state."
The study also concluded that the "bottom up approach," which essentially means the building of political structures in which full participation of the civil society is ensured, was the only viable option for the reconstitution of Somalia as a nation. It also explicitly acknowledged the failure of big centralised structures to bring peace. The so-called Northern Recovery Area, which is made up of two 'states' - Somaliland and Puntland, is leading in the implementation of the "bottom up approach."
It is also possible, according to another school of thought that Somalia could break up into a number of tribal republics following the example of Somaliland, which seceded in 1991. Somaliland's justification for secession was based on the historical fact that it was a British colony while the rest of the former Somali state was an Italian possession. Many Somalis question the validity of this argument.
The breakaway of Somaliland will undoubtedly encourage some other groups to do likewise. This could be a devastating option to choose because of the potential for disputes over land jurisdiction. Puntland is already involved in such a dispute with Somaliland and because of the Somali nomadic way of life the tribal habitats constantly changing frontiers. There are no tribal designated areas, and usually no clear tribal frontiers in the Somali territories.
The notion of breaking up the country into tribal republics could well prove unworkable. The regional state of Puntland may, however, be laying the foundations for the reconstitution of the Somali nation. The international community has attempted, on several occasions, to bail Somalia out of the current quagmire through a series of mediations, reports and intervention by the United Nations, none of which have borne fruit due to failure to diagnose the genesis of the problems plaguing this country. It is important to view the current conflagrations and Somalia's statelessness in the context of the country's history which has been punctuated by turmoil . Nomadism is a key variable as well.
The international community should try to put the Somali issue in its proper historical perspective to understand the underlying root causes of the Somali crises. Somalia is now experiencing a process of re-birth, constructing a new nation from scratch.
This natural process will take time to crystallise and to become established. The actions of the international community have so far been directed at stopping or slowing down this evolutionary process by proposing unworkable political solutions to the successive crises. Many efforts have been devoted to the application of the wrong solutions, and very little to understanding the real problems. This is why a dozen reconciliation conferences have failed in the last eight years. The 1992 UN intervention also failed.
According to experts on the Somali crises, the international community can only help if it will accept that the Somali problems have to be solved by the Somalis themselves. An evolutionary process should be left to take its natural course.
A new Somalia has been taking shape for some years now, but interference by some of the regional powers in the country's internal civil conflicts, together with the uncoordinated actions of the international community, are only serving to prolong the civil conflict.
It should be stressed that Somali clan politics is treacherous and can be extremely frustrating for those who do not understand the country's political structures and the way that the delicate balance of power is maintained.
Eliezer Wangulu is a communications consultant in Puntland.
Africa Insight is an initiative of the Nation Media Group's Africa Media Network Project.
Source: AllAfrica
"Reerkayaga Ammaan Geli "
Zakariye Hussein
07 September 2007
Riyaad : Dr.C/Muxsin al Casaaf oo u dhashay dalkan Sucuudiga oo noo dhigi jiray maadada Iidheda iyo Ogaysiiska ayaa maallin maalmaha ka mid ah nooga warramay wakhtiyadii uu ardayga ahaa ee uu warfaafinta baran jiray waxaanu soo qaatay dhacdo wakhtigaasi soo martay oo ahayd inuu la kulmay isaga oo jaamacadda ka sii hoyenaya oday da` wayn oo waydiiyay waxbarashadiisu nooca ay tahay.
Dr. AlCasaaf waxa uu yidhi markii aan u sheegay inaan ahay arday saxaafadeed ayuu duqii I waydiiyay qiimaha qalinka aan jeebadda ku watay, markaasaan ugu jawaabay buu yidhi qalinkaygu adeer waa mid qiimo jaban taagan oo waa labo Riyaal, odaygii ayaa yidhi sida uu sheegay Dr .alCasaaf : "ha ku celin mar danbe hadalkaasi, ma adiga oo wariye ah ayaad leedahay qalinkaygu waa rakhiis , wuxuuna intaa raaciyay buu yidhi : ogow inuu qalinkaagu ka qaalisanyahay kana karaamo badan yahay qalinnada kale, balse waxa waajib ah inaad ugu adeegtid diintaada iyo dadkaaga ilaahayna ku raali gelisid ".
Sheekadan gaaban ayaa muujinaysa sharafta mihnadda saxaafadda iyo masuuliyadda wayn ee saaran saxafiga, sobobtuna waxay tahay warbaahinta oo ah sida ay reer galbeedku ku tilmaamaan awoodda afraad (the fourth power) oo la siman awoodaha sharci dajinta, fulinta , iyo garsoorka ee ay xukuumad kasta oo nidaamka galbeedka ee dimuqraadiga ku shaqaysaaba leedahay, sidoo kale saxaafaddu waxa ay si aan toos ahayn u hagtaa bulshada ay u shaqayso, iyada ayaana samaysa waxa loo yaqaan ra`yi waynaha (public opinion), waxayna adeegsataa awooodda iyo saamaynta macluumaadka oo markasta la huwiyo caqiidada, aydyooloojiyadda iyo danaha cidda faraha ku haysa saxaafaddaasi.
Sidaas darteed warbaahinta Somalida badankeeda ayaa la odhan karaa waxa ay u adeegtaa qabyaaladda oo ah mowduuca inta badan qaata wakhtiga ummadda Somaliyeed, islamrkaana seejiyay nooc kasta oo horumar ah, iyada oo la odhan karo qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada Somaliyeed way ka simanyihiin aragtida qabyaaladda.tusaale ahaan wakhti hore ayaan ka aqriyay website Somaliyeed dhacdo aan aad ula yaabay oo ahayd nin wariye ah sida la sheegay oo shabakaadaas iyada ah ka ka tirsan oo la xidhiidha akhristeyaasha shabakaddiisa ugana jawaaba waxyaabaha uu arko inay lid ku yihiin beesha uu isagu ka dhashay, si foolxunna ula dacwiya akhristeyaasha oo loo baahnaa inuu u noqdo tusaale wanaagsan oo ay qoraalka kaga daydaan, balse isagu hadalkiisa ku soo afjara markasta "reerkayaga ammaan geli", waxaanan aad ula yaabay nin ka mid ah akhristayaasha oo intuu kaydiyay hadallo meel ka dhac ah oo uu sheegay inuu wariyehaasi u soo diray isla shabakaddii uu saxafigu ka tirsanaa ku baahiyay.
Dhacdadaas oo aan aad uga naxay wakhti horena dhacday ayaa igu faral yeeshay inaan maqaalkan qoro, inkasta oo aan in badan ka dib-dhacay xilligii ay dhacdadu taagnayd, si uuna qoraalkaygu u noqon mid fadeexad iyo weerar shakhsi ahaaneed xanbaaarsan, haatanna waxa iga reebban inaan sheego goortii, goobtii iyo ciddii falkaasi samaysay, maxaayeelay kaliya waxa muhiim ah in falka iyo dhaqanka qaldan uun la naqdiyo iyada oo aan la magcaabayn ruuxa ay ka xumaatay, waxaanan filayaa inayna wax faa`iido ahi ku jirin in macluumaadkaasi la soo bandhigo.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee inkasta oo ay dad badani si shuruud la`aan ah wariyeyaal isaga noqdeen kadib markii ay aaladda interneku fududaysay baahinta macluumaadka, haddana waxyaabaha wariye kasta looga baahanyahay waxa ka mid ah aqoon ballaadhan oo ah mid guud iyo mid dhinaca saxaafadda ah, maskax badni iyo hal-abuurnimo iyo kalsooni uu naftiisa ku qabo oo aan marnaba u horseedin islawayni iyo kibir.sidoo kale shuruudda wariyenimada waxa ka mid ah inuu qofka doonaya shaqadani noqdo ruux furfuran oo sabir badan , kartina u leh shaqo wadareeda warfaafinta , iyada oo wariye kasta oo muslim ahna looga baahanyahay inuu markasta ku xisaabtamo amaanonimada erayga iyo qalinka oo uu ilaahay ka cabsado,,, allahayow warfaafintayada ha ka dhigin mid ku salaysan '
"reerkayaga ammaan geli " aamiin.. aamiin.
Zakariya Hussein
Riyaad
murtishiil@hotmail.com
Thursday, September 06, 2007
Cismaan Hindi Oo Sheegay Inuu Musharraxnimadiisii Uga Tanaasuley Beelaha Darafyada - Somaliland.org
Hargeisa, Somaliland — 6 September, 2007
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Hargeysa (Somaliland.org) – Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Hargeysa ee xisbiga KULMIYE, Cismaan Cabdillaahi Cigaal (Cismaan Hindi) ayaa sheegay inuu ka tanaasuley musharraxa Madaxweynekuxigeenka ee xisbiga KULMIYE oo uu sheegay inuu doonayey inuu u tartamo. Waxana uu ku taliyey in musharraxa Madaxweynekuxigeenka loo daayo beelaha Darafyada.
Cismaan Hindi oo toddobaadkan ka soo laabtay cusbitaal ku yaalla Jabuuti oo loo qaaday, kadib markii dhaawac fududi ka soo gaadhey toorrey lagu soo weeraray, shir jaraa'id oo uu maanta ku qabtay Baar Xaraf, magaalada Hargeysa, waxa uu sheegay in xisbiga KULMIYE oo hadda dhammaystiray qabanqaabada Shirweynihiisa labaad uu saaran yahay culays badan oo ka dhashay rag badan oo u taagan musharraxiinta xisbiga.
"Sidaa darteed, waxaan doonayaa xisbigayga KULMIYE inaan ka qaado culayska dul yaalla, " ayuu yidhi Cismaan Hindi.
Cismaan waxa uu sheegay inuu marar badan ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharraxan yahay musharraxa Madaxweynekuxigeenka Xisbiga KULMIYE.
"Maanta waxaan doonayaa inaan idiin sheego, oo aan reer Somaliland, gaar ahaan, taageerayaasha xisbiga KULMIYE u sheego inaan ka tanaasuley arrintaa, " ayuu yidhi.
Waxana uu sheegay inay taasi dan u tahay xisbiga KULMIYE iyo qaranka Somaliland oo dhan, isla markaana uu tixgeliyey heshiiskii Somaliland ku dhisantay oo ah ayuu yidhi in beelaha oo dhami ay ka muuqdaan hoggaanka sare ee dalka oo haddii Beesha dhexe ay qaadato Madaxweynaha, beelaha darafyaduna ay qaataan kuxigeenka.
"Anigoo Somaliland u hiilinaya, anigoo xisbigayga KULMIYE u hiilinaya ayaan ka tanaasuley anigu maanta musharaxnimadaydii, " ayuu yidhi.
Cismaan Hindi waxa uu u soo jeediyey ragga ay isku beesha yihiin ee u taagan musharraxnimada Madaxweynekuxigeenka ay ka tanaasulaan.
Source: Somaliland.org
Legendary Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti dead - Reuters
Modena, Italy, September 06, 2007
First Published: 14:42 IST(6/9/2007)
Last Updated: 21:29 IST(6/9/2007) - 12:55 pm (CT)
Legendary Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti, who brought opera to the masses, died on Thursday after a battle with cancer. He was 71.
"The great tenor Luciano Pavarotti died today at 5 am (11 pm Wednesday EDT) at his home in Modena," his manager Terri Robson said in a statement. "The Maestro fought a long, tough battle against the pancreatic cancer which eventually took his life.
Although his health had been seriously failing for a year, the death of the rotund, black-bearded tenor known as "Big Luciano" saddened people ranging from stars, impresarios and critics of 'bel canto' to fans who could barely afford tickets.
"He was one of those rare artists who affected the lives of people across the globe in all walks of life," London's Royal Opera House at Covent Garden said in a statement.
"Through his countless broadcasts, recordings and concerts he introduced the extraordinary power of opera to people who perhaps would never have encountered opera and classical singing. In doing so, he enriched their lives. That will be his legacy," said Convent Garden.
While past opera stars often locked themselves in a gilded, elitist world, television viewers around the world heard Pavarotti sing alongside pop stars like Sting and Bono in his famous "Pavarotti and Friends" benefits for the needy.
Already famous in the opera world, he rocketed to planetary superstardom when he, Placido Domingo and Jose Carreras sang at Rome's Caracalla Baths during the 1990 soccer World Cup in Italy.
Sales of opera albums shot up after the concert and the aria Nessun Dorma from Puccini's Turandot, which has the famous victory line "At dawn I will win", became as much a feature of soccer fever as the usual stadium chants.
The people of Modena, a provincial town in northeast Italy, mourned a man who remained very attached to his hometown even as a superstar.
Venusta Nascetti, a 71-year-old who used to serve Pavarotti coffee in a local bar when he was a teenager, remembered him as being "full of joy, he had a happy spirit".
"He always loved us just like we loved him," the frail old woman, wearing dark glasses to hide her emotion, told reporters outside Pavarotti's house where she went to pay her respects.
Pavarotti shot to fame with a stand-in appearance at Covent Garden in 1963 and soon had critics gushing. His big break came thanks to another Italian opera great, Giuseppe di Stefano, who dropped out of a London performance of "La Boheme" in 1963.
Covent Garden had lined up "this large young man" as a possible stand-in -- and a star was born.
In 1972 he famously hit nine high C's in a row in Daughter of the Regiment at New York's Metropolitan Opera, which he referred to as "my home".
His last public singing performance was at the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics in Turin in February 2006.
Final ActIn July last year, Pavarotti underwent surgery in New York for pancreatic cancer and retreated to his villa in Modena. He had to cancel his first planned public reappearance a few months later.
Pavarotti was taken to a hospital in Modena last month and treated for more than two weeks. He was released on August 25, and spent his final hours at home with family and friends nearby, the statement said.
"He remained optimistic and confident that he would overcome the disease and had been determined to return to the stage to complete his Worldwide Farewell Tour," the statement said.
Robson said that up until just weeks before his death, Pavarotti gave several hours each day to teaching his pupils at his summer villa in Pesaro, on Italy's Adriatic Coast. Pavarotti launched an academy for young singers in Modena two years ago.
"He was also planning to complete a recording of sacred songs and unveil the next phase of the Pavarotti International Voice Competition," the statement said.
In 2003, Pavarotti married Nicoletta Mantovani, an assistant 34 years his junior and younger than his three daughters, after an acrimonious divorce from Adua, his wife of 37 years.
As Nicoletta was bearing twins, the pregnancy ran into complications and their son Riccardo was stillborn.
He is survived by Nicoletta, their four-year-old daughter, Alice, as well as three daughters from Pavarotti's first marriage.
What role do tribal relations play in our beloved nation? - Aman Obsiye (Ahmed Guray)
The title at hand is referring to the exemplifier of failed states, the Somali Republic. Many ask why the Somali Republic is a failed state, and the obvious reason is tribal relations. I will admit that tribal conflict plays a key role, but the situation is more complicated than tribal relations. In actuality, tribal relations is keeping the Somali Republic afloat; if tribal relations did not exist in our society, we would have probably drowned in the Indian Ocean.
In most present-day societies, the social structure is based on class. If you look at most countries (i.e. US, Canada, Russia, etc.), you will realize that tribes are non-existent. If what happened in Somalia happens in one of these countries, the entire social structure will collapse. Somalis have not been centrally governed since 1991, but the absence of political institution, did not mean the absence of social structures.
Tribes is a tool for societal organization, albeit, it might not be the most effective and efficient tool. Because of our tribal relations, we have been able to economically function. We have also been able to keep our land relatively peaceful, with Mogadishu (and few other southern cities) being the exception.
Presently, the international system is based on the Westphalia Treaty.[1] Until recently, Somalia was the only place in the world to be a failed state. [2] We were the only ones on the face of the earth with no type of political structure. If this were to happen in another place, that society would be unable to function economically and socially.
Why, because these societies know no other way to organize themselves. What tool for societal organization can the US, Canada, or Russia use? The majority of societies in the world will become an “every man for himself” society. Presently, most societies are already individualistic (especially capitalistic societies), and this individualistic mentality will be exacerbated by the absence of political institutions. Tribes in essence are community based and therefore will uphold the community and shield it from disintegration, whether or not political institutions are present.
So, what role do tribal relations play in our beloved nation? They play the vital role of organizing our society. They give us social structures that allow us to continue with our daily lives. It is a tool to insure that our society does not become extinct and to insure that our population does not significantly decrease. Allah (swt) has blessed us with tribes, but some use tribes in a negative manner. Even water, if negatively used, can become an enemy to mankind. We, Somalis, must learn to use our tribal relations in a blessed manner. If done properly, we can rise out of our failed-state status.
Aman H.D. Obsiye
ahmed_guray@hotmail.com
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[1] The Westphalia Treaty introduced the concept of sovereignty and the nation-state.
[2] Iraq and Afghanistan have recently joined the club.
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Somali opposition leaders unite against Ethiopia - AFP
Some 400 delegates gathered in the Eritrean capital for the meeting, which came exactly a week after the close of a clan reconciliation conference sponsored by the interim government and the international community in Mogadishu.
Sheikh Hassan Aweys, the overall leader of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) that briefly controlled large swathes of Somalia before being ousted earlier this year by Ethiopian-backed government forces, was present at the gathering.
The Islamist movement's other top leader, Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, urged Ethiopia to pull its troops out of Somalia and criticised its US ally in his opening speech.
"We hold this conference to establish a political organisation that liberates the country and ends the violence and chaotic situation," he said.
"We call upon Ethiopia to unconditionally withdraw its troops from Somalia and stop its imperialistic adventure on our territory," the senior ICU leader added.
He warned that a prolonged conflict in Somalia would eventually spill over into neighbouring countries and risk setting the whole Horn of Africa region ablaze.
"We remind her (Ethiopia) that the longer the conflict goes on, the higher the risk it will engulf the whole region."
"The United States' foreign policy towards Somalia has been strangely confrontational. We call upon the United States to play a more positive role in the Somali conflict," Sheikh Sharif went on.
Sheikh Aweys and other members of the Islamic Courts Union are wanted by the United States over suspected links with the Al-Qaeda network.
Washington has backed Ethiopia's military operations in Somalia and toughened its stance against Addis Ababa' arch-foe and neighbour Eritrea, accusing it of arming Islamists in Somalia and elsewhere in the region.
The Islamist movement boycotted the Mogadishu conference, arguing that any peace efforts should take place only after an Ethiopian withdrawal. In three years of existence, Somalia's Western-backed transitional government has failed to restore stability.
It blames the Islamic Courts Union and allied clan leaders for the near-daily guerrilla-style attacks which have plagued Mogadishu in recent months. In the latest violence to rock the seaside capital, three more civilians fell victim Thursday to the latest spate of fighting between government forces and insurgents.
Eyewitness Ali Mohammed Anwar told AFP an elderly man and a woman were killed when a police patrol came under grenade attack near the capital's Salama mosque.
"I saw one of the policemen open fire, killing an old man holding a bag in his hand," he said. "The woman was hit by shrapnel from the grenade blast and was then run over by a bus as she lay on the ground."
Another civilian was killed by Somali security forces in Mogadishu's Holgawad neighbourhood as he tried to cross a heavily-guarded street late at night. Somali security launched a wide crackdown earlier this week aimed at flushing out insurgents from a few pockets in the capital that still escape government control. Since the ouster of Mohamed Siad Barre in 1991, Somalia has had no central authority and defied at least a dozen initiatives aimed at ending bloody tribal feuds and restoring stability.
Police: 6 Die in Somali Capital - AP
MOGADISHU, Somalia (AP) — Police ferreting out insurgents in Somalia's conflict-wracked capital came under attack Wednesday, and a battle that followed left at least six people dead and dozens injured, officials and witnesses said.
Police were attacked with grenades and gunfire when they went to search a possible insurgents' hideout in Mogadishu, said Col. Abdullahi Hassan Barise, the capital's deputy police commissioner.
In the ensuing fight near Bakara Market in the south of the capital, two civilians, one insurgent and a policeman were killed, said Barise. Two other civilians wounded in the crossfire later died.
Market merchant Sakariye Bidaar said police arrested a dozen suspects.
Dr. Dahir Dhere of Medina Hospital told The Associated Press that 30 people with gunshot wounds, including nine policemen, were treated at the hospital after the street battle. He said the death toll could rise.
Mogadishu has seen increasing fighting since December, when the Ethiopian troops supporting Somalia's fragile government drove out a radical Islamic group that had seized control of much of southern Somalia. Remnants of the defeated Council of Islamic Courts have vowed to wage an Iraq-style guerrilla war until the country becomes an Islamic state. On Tuesday, two unidentified men shot an intelligence officer near his house in the south of the city, said Col. Abdi Wahid, a police spokesman. It was the latest in a string of assassinations of government officials.
Also Tuesday, insurgents pounded a government military base in the northeastern part of the city with rocket-propelled grenades, heavy machine-guns, starting a battle that lasted several hours, Wahid said.
He did not give any details of casualties. Somalia has been ravaged by violence and anarchy since warlords overthrew dictator Mohamed Siad Barre in 1991, then turned on each other. The current government was formed in 2004, but has struggled to assert any real control.
Source: AP
Wednesday, September 05, 2007
The Barbaric Ethiopian Aggressive Air Raid on Borama's Primary Schools (Train-ka) - Mukhtar Abdirahman And Mukhtar Ibrahim
Enhance Awdal community is one of those communities which we mentioned above those had already been century an old historical ties, long before they ever were anywhere else in Somali spoken territory. the best example of this, the long lasting empire called Adal Empire, which ruled from Zeila and even Shawa Ethiopia, it was powerful empire and defeated many Christian’s rulers.
On January 30 in 1984 was bright nice day cloudy with sunny intervals accompany a gentle breeze were blowing from the coastal direction, people in Borama city enjoying wonderful climate and happy day, but this positive feeling wouldn’t develop so long happiness as soon as it changed the darkest day at Borama history, at this moment the big clock hand stopped 10:35AM.
When six Ethiopian jet fighters raided Borama the capital of Awdal region, the war planes bombed 4 primary schools, residential buildings and market places, In that aggression among.37 school children (6-14 years old) and four teachers were killed 39 more school children and 5 teachers were badly injured, in time when the world nations were busy in saving children from malnutrition, hunger, disease and ignorance, the Ethiopian regime is directing its military and human efforts to kill and massacre Somali children.
and there is no doubt at all that Ethiopian regime is ruthless enemy that indiscriminately livestock and massacre human being both children and adults in violation of all human rights and international laws.
On behave of Awdal community and the effected families, we appeal to all peace loving people and international organization to condemn the barbaric Ethiopian aggressive air raid to Somali schools.
Any how, it is clear this atrocity sends impels to entire Somali nation about their only enemy Ethiopia, and also remember that an old sparks can still create heat! But the massacre happened that day on January 30th 1984; I deeply believe that no one can shut a rose turn up. But the big question on the table is, how Mohamed Siyad Bare military government responds this massacre or is there was any emergence aid brought to the victims
Really the answer is clear, and it is obviously to the most people in the region.
They are deeply believed that the government did not full-fill its responsibility. We did not receive neither emergence aid nor help from the government. We all know that we can not ask compensation from the Ethiopian dictator Migusto all we get was a small items of food from NGO's. Most Awdalties were telling the government to do something or the government had to protect the city from further bombardment. At-least, the crime that committed against young students had to be presented to the international community, but this is not happen absolutely. This shortened the moral support of the most Awdalties to the government.
All in all, it is true that memory wanders as shadow fall back today's darkness; days beyond recall vision comes before us so gloomy, so anxiety of her lips now silent and whose lips are closed in patient !!!
Now it is time to get to the path of creating memorial tower in the city centre for the victims of that day which will be remembered forever in our hearts and on the walls of history, and it is the best way to honour those fine souls who passed away that day. Especially which helping today’s new generation to know more about their previous history, also we have to keep in mind because every society has a sad stories to remember like this event.
Finally, I conclude my long running gloomy pen, On behave of Awdal community In Djibouti republic and the effected families, expressing of condolence with a deepest sympathy from deep in our heart to those demised Awdalties society who lost their beloved children, our childhood friends, our buddies those who would attend peaceful elementary schools and walk with us down the path of life. Unfortunately we miss those who died that day and may Allah rest their souls in paradise; May Allah blesses our dear friends who are alive.
Insha’Allah, surely goodness and mercy shall flow them after here!!! We see Ethiopian war machine again in Somali territory. We hope we will prevail, and history will never repeat itself. Ethiopians can not kill innocent Somali school children again.
Here is a list of the school children, who were killed by the Ethiopian war planes in the primary schools of Borama (the capital of Awdal)
Here is the List of the Victims:
1- Ilyaas Ibraahim Maydhane (Sanqadhi)
2-Ismaaciil Muuse Tubeec
3-Abadir X/ibrahim Xaaji
4-Axmed Idiris Ibraahim
5-Axmed Ibraahim X/ bookh
6-Ubax Cumar Maydhane
7-Anisa daahir Caateeye
8-Maxamuud Maxamed Daahir
9-Yaassiin Daahir Ibraahim
10-Abdi Hassan Cali
11-Abdi Ahmed Yuusuf
12-Husseen Maxamed Nuur
13-Sacaada Cabdulle Faarah
14-Maxamed Xasan Faarah
15-Nimca Maxamed Xirsi
16-Raashid Huseen Cige
17-Cabdi Ismaaciil Xasan
18-Maxamed Aw/ Aadan Cabdi
19-Khadra Maxamed Xirsi
20-Maxamed Idiris Miicaad
21-A/risaaq SH/maxamed
22-Sahra Aaden
23-Faadumo ------------
24-Fa’isa H/Ibraahim Muuse
25-Ruqiya Maydhane Muxumed
26-Hibo Axmed Ali yey
27-Maxamed Xasan Xandulle
28-Hinda Axmed Cilmi (Soodaan)
29-Hibo Barkhad Qayaad
30-Qayaad Barkhad Qayaad
31-Deeqa Yuusuf Cige
32-mustafe Cilmi Weyrax
33-C/laahi Nuur Cumar
34-Axmed Cabdi Barre
35-Kaltuun Abubakar Sheekh
36-Warla Cilmi Subagle
37-Sucaad Cali Obsiiye
We here congratulating Da’san youth organization who are talent generation and preparing to build memorial tower for all awdalities heroes, if you want any further information about this gloomy episode don’t hesitate to contact us via email and we will sent you all information about this event.
Written by: Mukhtar Abdirahman & Mukhtar Ibrahim
Mukhtaar24@rediff.com
mukhtaar24@hotmail.fr
Iqra Stars Did it Again - Suleiman Dugsiye (Warsan Magazine)
Warsan magazine was cordially invited to attend a fund raising function for Iqra program on September 1st that was held at Ibnu Batuta School in Ottawa. Mr. Bahdon and I had the honor to represent Warsan magazine to attend the function.
Fully prepared with our tools of trade, we were there on time, and were greeted by the dynamic event organizers. There we found a lot of happy community members who were all excited to attend the function.
The function was a well planned, smooth running, entertaining, educational and like never seen before kind of a function. It was well coordinated. There were memorable speeches, and the speakers were well known scholars.
After The usual recitation of Ayah from the holly Quran for the opening of the program, Mohamed Abdi was the first to speak. After a short introduction about the history of Iqra program, Mohamed extensively talked about the programs accomplished and the need that still exists in the regions of rural Awdal.
Mr. Mohamed Abdi reminded the audience that poverty around Awdal is restricting the potential of a whole generation of children and youth. He added that the lack of education, in turn, contributes more towards extreme poverty. But the fact is, he said; we can contribute a lot to help our children get education, and this task lies on our shoulders and we must all take responsibility for contributing to this goal. Mr. Mohamed urged all the audience to donate generously to help the children and reminded them that it takes a whole community to educate a child in these difficult times.
Mr. Mohamed, a smooth talker delivered an emotional speech. I could tell from the faces of the audience that they were all in high gear of emotions. I my self was moved several times by what Mohamed was saying. I remember instances in which my heart was whispering to me and reminding me if only most of us even think about how fortunate we are to have had a good education. Mohamed concluded his speech by reminding them that education is the transmission of civilization and urged them to participate in the Iqra program and welcomed their contribution of ideas to further develop the program as well as donating generously to the program.
Sheikh Hadi then took the microphone and began his speech with "Quran" and "Duco." Sheikh Hadi left no stone unturned and urged the public to unite and help each other, supporting his sentences with Suras from our holly Quran and Axaadiis. He talked about the good things done by IQRA program and challenged every one to donate. Sheikh Hadi reminded the audience that charity starts at home and that this kind of charity is Al-sadaqa al-jariya - one of three things that benefit a Muslim after he/she parts with life. This is what the Prophet Muhammad (SCW) taught. It is an act of charity whose benefits continue after a person passes away, he added.
What a talented and distinguished speakers. All of them had definitely a gift for speeches. The environment was surely pleasant. Every body was happy. There were a lot of applauds and standing ovations every now and then. One could tell from the faces of the crowd that they were enjoying like they never had it so good for a long time. The speeches drew the audience in and held their attention for hours. There was never a dull moment.
This piece will not be complete with out mentioning about the food. The food served was excellent. The food was something that can not be described in words. But you can imagine the taste of the famous "Sambousa, Baagiye, Kackac, cheese buns, etc." light but delicious food that every body enjoyed. In a net shell, the function was one of its kinds.
After a short break in which people enjoyed the food, Sheikh Hadi told the audience that the people who help others to get education have chosen a life of "giving", a part of themselves to someone they do not even really know. I have the greatest respect for those very special people who dedicated their lives to help children get education he added. Sheikh Hadi also gave the audience a good dose of the Islamic history of Adel and talked about Muliyooy Saa See - a book he wrote.
Mr. Mohamed Hashi spoke then. He talked about the importance of education and stressed on the difficulties facing our communities. In his speech Hashi reminded the crowd the importance of preserving our traditions, culture and norms. He stressed on the importance of teaching our children the Somali language. He mentioned how the Somalis are receptive to outside cultures and urged every body to keep an eye on our culture and the common good. He concluded by thanking Iqra group for the good things they do for helping the children in need.
From Warsan crew to Iqra stars:
Ladies and gentlemen, we will always remember your help to our children during these times of need. It takes a special group to aid the future generations. You captured a special place in our hearts. Your actions are wonderful lessons to the rest of us. We salute you on behalf of Awdal. You stood up for our children and surely your efforts made a difference. We admire your willingness, energy, and organizational abilities. Every member of our community joins with us in thanking you for what you did. You proved to us that you are the elite and the back bone of Awdal. One day you will be glad to know that your efforts did not go unheeded.
To The Organizing Committee:
When a fund-raising function is success, the credit starts with the planning committee. Ladies and gentlemen, your fine work and the excellent planning resulted in an informative and smooth running function.
Mohamed Abdi
Rashid Omer
Hassan Ibrahim Haji Kheyreh
Farhan Hassan
Oubado Mohamoud
Saaada Ismail
Zahra Ibrahim
Moumina Ali
Thanks to you, the community now has an outstanding model to follow always.
My opinion about Muliyay Saa See:
Featuring stunning images, revealing maps, and historic facts, Muliyay Saa See is carefully balanced to provide readers with a deeper comprehension of Somali history in general and Adel history in particular. It's a challenge that calls for an open mind and a clear perspective on the people, events, and issues that shaped Adel society. This book of the cultural, Islamic and political history of Adel is a must reader for the people of Awdal and I recommend the book to be a house hold item.
The book would also make a classic textbook and reference for students, researchers, and institutions needing comprehensive information about the history of Adel and I therefore, urge Awdal educational authorities to give a good consideration to the idea of teaching this book in Awdal schools. It is my pleasure to thank sheikh Hadi for reviving Adel’s rich history.
Message from the organizers:
The organizers wish to thank the communities and all the supporters of IQRA everywhere and at the same time are appealing to everyone who can contribute to this noble cause to please come forward and contact them at http://us.f530.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=info@readngo.org.
Conclusion:
It is apparent that education has the capacity to break the vicious cycle of poverty. If you feed a child suffering from the many atrocities of extreme poverty, he/she will live for a while. But educating that child will build his/her own way out of poverty; will contribute towards the community and the overall uplifting of that society. Iqra is an organization that shares these thoughts. Iqra is in fact the only non-governmental organization creating real and lasting change for children in need in Awdal. It strives to ensure the educational well-being of impoverished children in Awdal.
As we say; Ishaa macalin ah. Let what we saw be lessons to us. Let us follow the leaders and imitate the actions of the Iqra group. They proved to us what we knew all along...That we can do it.... Yes we can ... Shoulder to shoulder, folding our sleeves let us all be part of the success story. Let us participate helping our young generations.... and remember ... donate to Iqra programs.
Suleiman Abdi Dugsiye
Warsan Magazine
Ottawa. Canada
douksi@warsanmag.com
Guulaystayaal Geediga Wadaay - xaashi Jaamac Geele
Hambalyo, aad u balaadhan ayaan garwaaqsaday Ilma -adeerrayaal in aan idiin soo diro , kaddib markaan Caawa booqday web-kan qiimaha badan badan ee Saylicipress.Waxaa qiima wax kasta kawayn iigu fadhiyay , dareenkaygana si xamaasad leh u soo jiitay , arrimahan hoos aan ku xussi doono.
1- Awdal - The land Of Ahmed Gurey
2- Map-ka Gadabursi land, iyo Boqortooyadoodii caanka ahayd
3- Xuduudaha dhulka ay beesha Samaroon degto
4-maqaalaadka Taariikhda mugga wayn xambaarsan sida Adal Empire
5- Hammigiinna ku aaddan :-
a)In aad tiro koobtaan aqoon yahannada Reer Awdal, bal dhammaan Shacabka Reer Awdal.
b) Hammigiinna ku aadd Iftiin u Shiddaan bulshadan Laydhku ka bakhtiisnaa muddada dheer.
c) In aad Saxaafadda dhexdeeda bulshdana ama Shacabweynaha Awdal ( Gadabursi) ku baraarujisaan, daanahooda, si ay wax u qabsadaan, horumarna u gaadhaan, qayrkoodana ula tartamaan.
d) In aad Saxaafaddan dhexdeeda , ku difaacdaan xuquuqdooda maqan, ama la duudsiyi karo, waa midda keentay in Ciyaarihii hiilka qaawani ka muuqday, markay Saxaafaddu ka hadashay Sagaalka wasiir Maslaxadda u Yimaaddeed Boorama.
e) Isku soo xooriyoo, Waxaan aad uga maqsuuday in aad ka tarjunteen wax iga dhexguuxayay, sidoo kalana ka dhexguuxaya qof kasta oo u dhashay AWDAL.
f) Waxaan markhaati ka ahay in aad daboosheen Waax wayn oo maqnayd , taasi oo ah in ummaddani hesho meel lagu cabiro codkeeda, meel dareenkooda sheegta, meel dhawaqooda gaadhiisa dunida. Waxaan ku talinayaa in ad halkaa kasii waddaan haddii aad tihiin " Da'san", Ummaddani ( Gadabursigu) waa kuwa ugu aqoonta badan Soomaalida, sidaa waxaa qirsan Soomaali idaylkeed meelkasta oo ay joogaan, iyo Ajaanib badan, haseyeeshee muddo dheer oo lasoo dhaafay aqoontaasi ma noqon mid si muuqata miisaan ugu samaysa bulshawaynta Soomaaliyeed, sababta maan garan!!!!!, waxaanse u qaatay in Soomalida badankeed yahay Geeljir hadal badan , tookh badan , Faan Badan, halka Samarroonku aanu wax ka badbadin ah ku samayn Sooyaalkiisa taarikheed, ama jiritaankiisa qof ahaaned.
Marka waxaad mooddaa in ay aad daruuri u ahayd 1000-ka sano ee madaxa hadda lagaga jiro in la helo Saxaafad Curdin ah, aqoon ku dhisan, anshax ku dhissan, Garaad sare hogaaminayo, taasi oo ummaddan ( Samaroonka ) hagta tusta waxa ay yihiin hadda, tayadooda, awooddooda, iyo waliba waxay ahaayeen taariikhdii Awoowayaashoodii hore ee Geesiyaasha ahaa ee Ahmed Gurey iwm.
Haddaba saaxibayaal, garan maayo bogaadintaydani aan idiin soo hibeeyay , idinka "Saylicipress.net", Boramanews, Saylac.com, Harawo.com, Lughayanews, iyo Awdalnews, wax aan ku soo gunaanado!!!
Waxaanse odhan lahaa marka aad xussaysaan Sanadguuradiina fadlan Ogaysiis ku sheega bil ka hor, si bulshadani uga tashato uguna diyaargarawdo waxay abaalmarin,-billad ahaaneed idiin guddoonsiin lahayd, qof qof iyo wadarba. waxaanan Naawilayaa, haddii rabbi idmo in ay ku xigaan horumarkani Saxaafadeed, Idaacaddo Sitelite-ka laga dhagaysto oo FM-ah si codku u gaadho kan riyaha ku raacaya buuraha dhaladooda, sida Buur Madow, oo ah buurta uu hoos maro Durdur cad, halkaas oo [ceedceeda] anigu shakhsiyan aan ku dhashay.
Sidoo Kale Waxaan dhawraynnaa Joornaallo Afdhaadheer, oo xaqaa'iqqa xambaara. sidoo kalana daadka ku dara , beenta, cunsuriyadda, iyo fatooshka dadka qaar ku indhabeeleen siday u qorayeen. Waa waajib in lahelo meel loogu jawaabo, lagu saxxo xumaanta dadka qaar afuufayo, laguna hanuuniyo inta badan ee samaha jecel kana tirsan dadka ologga aynu nahay ee Soomaliyeed Digniin.
"Waxaan Walaalyaal idinka dardaarayaa in si cad oo ula kac ah Qof ama Qabiil waxyeello aanay kasban loogu gaysto."
Haddayse kasbadeen, mutaysteenna waxba kama qabo in dabaysha lagu daro, inta ay galeen si looga gooyo, " Walaal idaa ma shaqayso mararka qaarkood ee waxaa shaqaysa Dee aan isdaynno". Iska ilaaliya dulmi idalykii, meeshii dulmiga lagu ururiyaa way duntaa .
Guul, Guul, Guul, waxaa ah. Waaga u baryay bulshda REER AWDAL, ayaan badaanaa hadday heleen Saxaafad u hadasha sida Saylicipress.net
Mahad iyo Galladba Eebbaa Leh
Xaashi Jaamac Geelle
Mogadishu, Somalia
